US-6
斯蒂庞克US6(G630)是美国二战时期一个2½吨6×6越野车与5吨6×4卡车系列，由斯蒂庞克公司与REO汽车公司制造。
历史 编辑
研发 编辑
1939-1940年，美国陆军军械部队招标2 1⁄2吨战术6×6越野车。斯蒂庞克、通用汽车下属的黄色客车制造公司、万国收割机公司提交了设计并于1941年投产。
US-6 2 1⁄2吨战术6×6越野车与相关的5吨6x4卡车，总计生产了13个车型219,882辆。其中197,678辆在印第安纳州南本德工厂生产。 REO公司在芝加哥工厂从1944年生产了22,204辆US6 U9卡车（无前绞盘）。1945年停产。[2][3]
服役 编辑
大部分车辆根据租借法案援助苏联，因为其竞争对手GMC 6×6 CCKW被认为更适合于西线战场。1941年秋，第一辆US6卡车运抵苏联。1942年7月苏联红军测试了11台6x6“斯蒂庞克”（这是苏联对此型车的称呼），结果把车的载重从2.5吨扩大为4吨。[4]1945年，车载重降低为3 1⁄2吨，在良好路面可载重5吨。
大量US6通过波斯走廊运入苏联。
二战后，US6强烈影响了苏联ZiS-151卡车与ZiL-157越野车的设计。
规格 编辑
Engine and driveline 编辑
The US6 used a Hercules JXD engine, with an 320 cu in（5.2 L） L-head inline 6 cylinder gasoline engine developing 86 hp（64 kW） at 2800 rpm and 200 lbf·ft（271 N·m） of torque at 1150 rpm. A conservative-type and highly-reliable engine with a compression ratio of only 5.82:1, it could use 72-octane gasoline. This same engine was also used in the M3 half-tracks and, later, M8 Greyhound and M20 armoured cars (the latter was a variant (lacking the gun turret) of the M8 Greyhound).[5][2][3][6]
The Warner T 93 5 speed transmission had a very low first, a direct fourth and an overdrive fifth gear. A power take-off could be fitted to operate a winch (mounted just below in front of the radiator) and/or the hydraulic hoist on dump trucks (the U10/U11 and U12/U13 dump truck models).[7]
The Timken T-79 transfer case had high and low ranges, a neutral position and could either engage or disengage the front axle. There was one output shaft mounted forward to the front axle (not used in 6x4 trucks) and two to the rear, with one for each rear axle.[8]
Both front and rear axles were of the Timken split-type with a ratio of 6.6:1. The front axle had ball-type constant-velocity joints while the two at the rear were full-floating.[9]
Chassis 编辑
The US6 had a ladder frame with three beam axles, the front on semi elliptical leaf springs, the rear tandem on quarter elliptical leaf springs with locating arms.[10][11]
There were two wheelbases, the short 148英寸（3.76米）, used in semi tractors, dump trucks, and short cargo models, and the long 162英寸（4.11米）, used in tankers, long cargo models, and the U9 chassis cab (measurements are from the centerline of the front axle to the centerline of rear bogie). All models had 7.50-20” tires and dual rear tires. 6x4 models, intended for on road use only, were rated at 5 tons (4536 kg), twice the 6x6’s off-road rating.[3][12]
Cab 编辑
The US6 carried the design of Studebaker’s civilian truck cab, although it was modified for military use. Studebaker trucks were different from other 2 1⁄2 6x6 trucks built for the war effort of the USA because vent windows were included in each door. These vent windows were separate from the main window that rolled down into the door-frame and could be swung out to help with the truck cab's ventilation.
Studebaker also designed the open-type military truck cab which was featured on the GMC CCKW (later models), but their major customer, the USSR, preferred the closed cab for their generally harsh (cold-weather) climate. While Studebaker's open-type truck cab became the American standard, production of the US6 with the closed-type truck cab was restarted after only 10,000 units of the former.[3]
型号 编辑
-
U4货车
-
U5油车
-
U6牵引车
-
U11自卸车
-
U13自卸车
U1与U2载重卡车（装有前绞盘）是短轴距，备胎在驾驶室下，车厢长仅9英尺（2.74米）。主要用于运输。[2]
U3/U4与6x4 U7/U8载重卡车是长轴距，备胎在12英尺（3.66米）长的货箱下面。总计生产了197,000台12英尺（3.66米）货箱车型。[2]
U5油车是长轴距，两个独立的750 U.S. gal（2,800 l）载油箱，无绞车。[2]
6x4 U6半挂牵引车，无绞车。
U9载重卡车是长轴距，无绞车。苏联的喀秋莎火箭炮的载车。
U10/U11 (尾侧) 与U12/U13 (边侧)自卸卡车是短轴距。[13]
尺寸 编辑
| 车型[12] | 轴距 | 长度[a] | 宽度 | 高度 | 空重[b] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U1 货车 (U2 带绞车) | Short | 20英尺11英寸（6.38米） | 7英尺4英寸（2.24米） | 8英尺10英寸（2.69米）[c] | 9,875磅（4,479公斤） |
| U3 货车 (long) (U4 with winch) | Long | 27英尺11英寸（8.51米） | 7英尺4英寸（2.24米） | 8英尺10英寸（2.69米）[c] | |
| U5 油车 [14] | Long | 20英尺11英寸（6.38米） | 7英尺4英寸（2.24米） | 7英尺3英寸（2.21米） [d] | 10,585磅（4,801公斤） |
| U6 牵引车 | Short (6x4) | 17英尺3英寸（5.26米） | 7英尺3英寸（2.21米） | 7英尺2英寸（2.18米）[d] | 8,190磅（3,710公斤） |
| U7 货车 (long) (U8 with winch) | Long (6x4) | 27英尺11英寸（8.51米） | 7英尺4英寸（2.24米） | 8英尺10英寸（2.69米）[c] | |
| U9 货车 | Long | 7英尺3英寸（2.21米） | 7英尺3英寸（2.21米）[d] | ||
| U10 尾部自卸车 (U11 with winch) | Short | 18英尺9英寸（5.72米） | 7英尺4英寸（2.24米） | 7英尺7英寸（2.31米）[e] | 10,150磅（4,600公斤） |
| U12侧边自卸车 (U13 with winch) | Short | 18英尺11英寸（5.77米） | 7英尺4英寸（2.24米） | 7英尺7英寸（2.31米）[e] | 10,150磅（4,600公斤） |
参见 编辑
参考文献 编辑
- ^ TM 9-807 (1943)，第14-16, 138頁.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Crismon, 2001 & 184, 328-329.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Doyle, 2003 & 122-124.
- ^ Jeghers (2000)，第18-19頁.
- ^ TM 9-807 (1943)，第138–139頁.
- ^ TM 9-2800 (1947).
- ^ TM 9-1807 (1944)，第22-23頁.
- ^ TM 9-1807 (1944)，第43–44頁.
- ^ TM 9-1807 (1944)，第84–87, 127–129頁.
- ^ TM 9-807 (1943)，第289-290頁.
- ^ TM 9-1807 (1944)，第177-179頁.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 TM 9-807 (1943)，第14頁.
- ^ TM 9-1807 (1944)，第211-216頁.
- ^ TM 9-2800 (1947)，第280頁.
- Crismon, Fred W. US Military Wheeled Vehicles 3. Victory WWII Pub. 2001. ISBN 0-970056-71-0.
- Doyle, David. Standard catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles. Krause Publications. 2003. ISBN 0-87349-508-X.
- Jeghers. EV Cars Lend-Lease. Tornado. 2000.
- TM 9-807 2 1⁄2-ton 6x6 Truck and 2 1⁄2 to 5-ton 6x4 truck. US War Dept. 1943 [24 Feb 2016]. （原始内容于2016-03-15）.
- TM 9-1807 Power Train, Chassis, and Body for 2 1⁄2 ton 6×6 Truck and 2 1⁄2 to 5-ton 6×4 Truck (Studebaker US6 and US6x4). US War Dept. 1944 [24 Feb 2016]. （原始内容于2016-03-13）.
- TM 9-2800 Military Vehicles. US Dept. of the Army. 1947 [24 Feb 2016]. （原始内容于2014-11-29）.