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维基百科

第三党 (美国)

第三党(英語:Third party)是一个政治术语,在现今的美国指除共和党民主党两大政党外的其它所有政党。这些政党也参加各种公职选举,但在美国现行的两党制体制下,胜选几率极其微小。目前,美国主要的第三党有自由意志党美国绿党宪法党。但是「第三黨」在其他類似選制的國家,勝選相對容易。

现在的第三黨列表 编辑

参見 编辑

参考文献 编辑

延伸閱讀 编辑

調查 编辑

  • Epstein, David A. (2012). Left, Right, Out: The History of Third Parties in America. Arts and Letters Imperium Publications. ISBN 978-0-578-10654-0
  • Gillespie, J. David. Challengers to Duopoly: Why Third Parties Matter in American Two-Party Politics (University of South Carolina Press, 2012)
  • Green, Donald J. Third-Party Matters: Politics, Presidents, and Third Parties in American History (Praeger, 2010)
  • Herrnson, Paul S. and John C. Green, eds. Multiparty Politics in America (Rowman & Littlefield, 1997)
  • Hesseltine, William B. Third-Party Movements in the United States (1962), Brief survey
  • Hicks, John D. "The Third Party Tradition in American Politics." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 20 (1933): 3–28. in JSTOR
  • Kruschke, Earl R. Encyclopedia of Third Parties in the United States (ABC-CLIO, 1991)
  • Ness, Immanuel and James Ciment, eds. Encyclopedia of Third Parties in America (4 vol. 2006)
  • Richardson, Darcy G. Others: Third Party Politics from the Nation's Founding to the Rise and Fall of the Greenback-Labor Party. Vol. 1. iUniverse, 2004.
  • Rosenstone, Steven J., Roy L. Behr, and Edward H. Lazarus. Third Parties in America: Citizen Response to Major Party Failure (2nd ed. Princeton University Press, 1996)
  • Schlesinger, Arthur Meier, Jr. ed. History of U.S. Political Parties (1973) multivolume compilation includes essays by experts on the more important third parties, plus some primary sources
  • Sifry, Micah L. Spoiling for a Fight: Third Party Politics in America (Routledge, 2002)

學術研究 编辑

  • Abramson Paul R., John H. Aldrich, Phil Paolino, and David W. Rohde. "Third-Party and Independent Candidates in American Politics: Wallace, Anderson, and Perot." Political Science Quarterly 110 (1995): 349–67
  • Argersinger, Peter H. The Limits of Agrarian Radicalism: Western Populism and American Politics (University Press of Kansas, 1995)
  • Berg, John C. "Beyond a Third Party: The Other Minor Parties in the 1996 Elections," in The State of the Parties: The Changing Role of Contemporary American Parties ed by Daniel M. Shea and John C. Green (3rd ed. Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), pp. 212–28
  • Berg, John C. "Spoiler or Builder? The Effect of Ralph Nader's 2000 Campaign on the U.S. Greens." in The State of the Parties: The Changing Role of Contemporary American Parties, (4th ed. 2003) edited by John C. Green and Rick Farmer, pp. 323–36.
  • Brooks, Corey M. Liberty Power: Antislavery Third Parties and the Transformation of American Politics (University of Chicago Press, 2016). 302 pp.
  • Burden, Barry C. "Ralph Nader's Campaign Strategy in the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election." American Politics Research 33 (2005): 672–99.
  • Carlin, Diana B., and Mitchell S. McKinney, eds. The 1992 Presidential Debates in Focus (1994), includes Ross Parot
  • Chace, James. 1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft and Debs – The Election that Changed the Country (2009)
  • Darsey, James. "The Legend of Eugene Debs: Prophetic Ethos as Radical Argument." Quarterly Journal of Speech 74 (1988): 434–52.
  • Gould, Lewis L. Four Hats in the Ring: The 1912 Election and the Birth of Modern American Politics (2008)
  • Hazlett, Joseph. The Libertarian Party and Other Minor Political Parties in the United States (McFarland & Company, 1992)
  • Hogan, J. Michael. "Wallace and the Wallacites: A Reexamination." Southern Speech Communication Journal 50 (1984): 24–48. On George Wallace in 1968
  • Jelen, Ted G. ed. Ross for Boss: The Perot Phenomenon and Beyond (State University of New York Press, 2001)
  • Koch, Jeffrey. "The Perot Candidacy and Attitudes Toward Government and Politics." Political Research Quarterly 51 (1998): 141–53.
  • Koch, Jeffrey. "Political Cynicism and Third Party Support in American Presidential Elections," American Politics Research 31 (2003): 48–65.
  • Lee, Michael J. "The Populist Chameleon: The People's Party, Huey Long, George Wallace, and the Populist Argumentative Frame." Quarterly Journal of Speech (2006): 355–78.
  • Mowry, George E. Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement (1946), on 1912
  • Rapoport, Ronald B., and Walter J. Stone. Three's a Crowd: The Dynamic of Third Parties, Ross Perot, and Republican Resurgence (University of Michigan Press, 2005)
  • Richardson, Darcy G. Others: Third Parties During the Populist Period (2007) 506 pp
  • Richardson, Darcy G. A Toast to Glory: The Prohibition Party Flirts With Greatness 59 pp
  • Rohler, Lloyd. "Conservative Appeals to the People: George Wallace's Populist Rhetoric." Southern Communication Journal 64 (1999): 316–22.
  • Rohler, Lloyd. George Wallace: Conservative Populist (Praeger, 2004)
  • Rosenfeld, Lawrence W. "George Wallace Plays Rosemary's Baby." Quarterly Journal of Speech 55 (1969): 36–44.
  • Ross, Jack. The Socialist Party of America: A Complete History (2015) 824 pp
  • Shepard, Ryan Michael. "Deeds done in different words: a genre-based approach to third party presidential campaign discourse." (PhD Dissertation, University of Kansas 2011) online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

外部連結 编辑

  • , essay by Richard Winger
  • Ballot Access News – Ballot Access news on all parties
  • Free and Equal (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – Election Reform to end partisan duopoly
  • Independent Political Report (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) – Frequently updated source for third party news

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978 0 578 10654 0 Gillespie J David Challengers to Duopoly Why Third Parties Matter in American Two Party Politics University of South Carolina Press 2012 Green Donald J Third Party Matters Politics Presidents and Third Parties in American History Praeger 2010 Herrnson Paul S and John C Green eds Multiparty Politics in America Rowman amp Littlefield 1997 Hesseltine William B Third Party Movements in the United States 1962 Brief survey Hicks John D The Third Party Tradition in American Politics Mississippi Valley Historical Review 20 1933 3 28 in JSTOR Kruschke Earl R Encyclopedia of Third Parties in the United States ABC CLIO 1991 Ness Immanuel and James Ciment eds Encyclopedia of Third Parties in America 4 vol 2006 Richardson Darcy G Others Third Party Politics from the Nation s Founding to the Rise and Fall of the Greenback Labor Party Vol 1 iUniverse 2004 Rosenstone Steven J Roy L Behr and Edward H Lazarus Third Parties in America Citizen Response to Major Party Failure 2nd ed Princeton University Press 1996 Schlesinger Arthur Meier Jr ed History of U S Political Parties 1973 multivolume compilation includes essays by experts on the more important third parties plus some primary sources Sifry Micah L Spoiling for a Fight Third Party Politics in America Routledge 2002 學術研究 编辑 Abramson Paul R John H Aldrich Phil Paolino and David W Rohde Third Party and Independent Candidates in American Politics Wallace Anderson and Perot Political Science Quarterly 110 1995 349 67 Argersinger Peter H The Limits of Agrarian Radicalism Western Populism and American Politics University Press of Kansas 1995 Berg John C Beyond a Third Party The Other Minor Parties in the 1996 Elections in The State of the Parties The Changing Role of Contemporary American Parties ed by Daniel M Shea and John C Green 3rd ed Rowman amp Littlefield 1998 pp 212 28 Berg John C Spoiler or Builder The Effect of Ralph Nader s 2000 Campaign on the U S Greens in The State of the Parties The Changing Role of Contemporary American Parties 4th ed 2003 edited by John C Green and Rick Farmer pp 323 36 Brooks Corey M Liberty Power Antislavery Third Parties and the Transformation of American Politics University of Chicago Press 2016 302 pp Burden Barry C Ralph Nader s Campaign Strategy in the 2000 U S Presidential Election American Politics Research 33 2005 672 99 Carlin Diana B and Mitchell S McKinney eds The 1992 Presidential Debates in Focus 1994 includes Ross Parot Chace James 1912 Wilson Roosevelt Taft and Debs The Election that Changed the Country 2009 Darsey James The Legend of Eugene Debs Prophetic Ethos as Radical Argument Quarterly Journal of Speech 74 1988 434 52 Gould Lewis L Four Hats in the Ring The 1912 Election and the Birth of Modern American Politics 2008 Hazlett Joseph The Libertarian Party and Other Minor Political Parties in the United States McFarland amp Company 1992 Hogan J Michael Wallace and the Wallacites A Reexamination Southern Speech Communication Journal 50 1984 24 48 On George Wallace in 1968 Jelen Ted G ed Ross for Boss The Perot Phenomenon and Beyond State University of New York Press 2001 Koch Jeffrey The Perot Candidacy and Attitudes Toward Government and Politics Political Research Quarterly 51 1998 141 53 Koch Jeffrey Political Cynicism and Third Party Support in American Presidential Elections American Politics Research 31 2003 48 65 Lee Michael J The Populist Chameleon The People s Party Huey Long George Wallace and the Populist Argumentative Frame Quarterly Journal of Speech 2006 355 78 Mowry George E Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement 1946 on 1912 Rapoport Ronald B and Walter J Stone Three s a Crowd The Dynamic of Third Parties Ross Perot and Republican Resurgence University of Michigan Press 2005 Richardson Darcy G Others Third Parties During the Populist Period 2007 506 pp Richardson Darcy G A Toast to Glory The Prohibition Party Flirts With Greatness 59 pp Rohler Lloyd Conservative Appeals to the People George Wallace s Populist Rhetoric Southern Communication Journal 64 1999 316 22 Rohler Lloyd George Wallace Conservative Populist Praeger 2004 Rosenfeld Lawrence W George Wallace Plays Rosemary s Baby Quarterly Journal of Speech 55 1969 36 44 Ross Jack The Socialist Party of America A Complete History 2015 824 pp Shepard Ryan Michael Deeds done in different words a genre based approach to third party presidential campaign discourse PhD Dissertation University of Kansas 2011 online 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 外部連結 编辑The Importance of Ballot Access essay by Richard Winger Ballot Access News Ballot Access news on all parties Free and Equal 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Election Reform to end partisan duopoly Independent Political Report 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Frequently updated source for third party news 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 第三党 美国 amp oldid 78951024, 维基百科,wiki,书籍,书籍,图书馆,

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