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维基百科

Research Unix

一月 11, 2024

研究 Unix，是一系列的Unix作業系統的通稱，由貝爾實驗室的計算機科學研究中心（Computing Science Research Center，部門編號1127）研發，因此得名，共有11個版本。這些Unix系統運行在DEC PDP-7，PDP-11，VAX，以及Interdata 7/32與8/32電腦上。

歷史 编辑

版本 编辑

Manual Edition Release date Description
1st Edition Nov. 3, 1971 First edition of the Unix manual, based on the version that ran on the PDP-11 at the time. Includes the Thompson shell, mail, cp, and su. The operating system was two years old,[1] having been ported from the PDP-7 to the PDP-11/20 in 1970.
2nd Edition Jun. 12, 1972 Total number of installations at the time was 10, "with more expected", according to the preface of the manual.[2]:ii Includes echo and the first C compiler.[1]
3rd Edition Feb. 1973 Introduced the C programming language, pipes, crypt, and yacc. Commands are split between /bin and /usr/bin, requiring a search path[1] (/usr was the mountpoint for a second hard disk). Total number of installations was 16.
4th Edition Nov. 1973 First version written in C. Also introduced groups, grep, and printf.[1] Number of installations was listed as "above 20". The manual was formatted with troff for the first time. Version described in Thompson and Ritchie's CACM paper,[3] the first public exposition of the operating system.[1]
5th Edition Jun. 1974 Widely licensed to educational institutions.[4] Introduced find, dd,[1] and the sticky bit. Targeted the PDP-11/40 and other 11 models with 18 bit addresses. Installations "above 50".
6th Edition May 1975 Includes ratfor and bc.[1] First version to be also licensed to commercial users,[4] and to be ported to non-PDP hardware. May 1977 saw the release of MINI-UNIX, a "cut down" v6 for the low-end PDP-11/10.
7th Edition Jan. 1979 Includes the Bourne shell, cpio, sed, ioctl, awk, f77, spell, and stdio.[1] The ancestor of all modern UNIX systems and the last release of Research Unix to see widespread external distributions. Merged most of the utilities of PWB/UNIX with an extensively modified kernel with almost 80% more lines of code than V6. In February, a port called 32V was made to DEC's VAX hardware; 32V was the basis for 4BSD.
8th Edition Feb. 1985[來源請求] A modified 4.1cBSD for the VAX, with a System V shell and sockets replaced by Streams. Used internally, and only licensed for educational use.[5] The Blit graphics terminal became the primary user interface.[1] Added a network filesystem that allowed accessing remote computers' files as /n/hostname/path, and a regular expression library that introduced an API later mimicked by Henry Spencer's reimplementation.[6] First version with no assembly in the documentation.[1]
9th Edition Sep. 1986 Incorporated code from 4.3BSD; used internally. Featured a generalized version of the Streams IPC mechanism introduced in V8. The mount system call was extended to connect a stream to a file, the other end of which could be connected to a (user-level) program. This mechanism was used to implement network connection code in userspace.[7] Other innovations include make and Sam.[1] According to Dennis Ritchie, V9 and V10 were "conceptual": manuals existed, but no OS distributions "in complete and coherent form".[5]
10th Edition Oct. 1989 Last Research Unix. Although the manual was published outside of AT&T by Saunders College Publishing,[8] there was no full distribution of the system itself.[5] Novelties included graphics typesetting tools designed to work with troff, a C interpreter, animation programs, and several tools later found in Plan 9: the Mk build tool and the rc shell. V10 was also the basis for Doug McIlroy and James A. Reeds' multilevel-secure operating system IX.[9]

註釋 编辑

  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 McIlroy, M. D. A Research Unix reader: annotated excerpts from the Programmer's Manual, 1971–1986 (PDF) (技术报告). CSTR. Bell Labs. 1987 [2015-06-01]. 139. （原始内容 (PDF)于2019-11-30）.  引证错误：带有name属性“reader”的<ref>标签用不同内容定义了多次
  2. ^ Thompson, Ken; Ritchie, Dennis M. (PDF). Bell Telephone Laboratories. 1972-06-12 [2015-06-01]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-10-06）. 
  3. ^ Ritchie, D. M.; Thompson, K. The UNIX Time-Sharing System. CACM. 1974, 17 (7): 365–375 [2015-06-01]. （原始内容于2005-12-30）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Fiedler, Ryan. The Unix Tutorial / Part 3: Unix in the Microcomputer Marketplace. BYTE. October 1983: 132 [2015-01-30]. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Dennis Ritchie. . 2003-06-27 [2014-04-09]. （原始内容存档于2014-06-20）. 
  6. ^ Henry Spencer. regexp(3). Newsgroup: mod.sources. 1986-01-19 [2013-01-09]. Usenet: 1316@panda.UUCP. （原始内容存档于2011-01-22）. 
  7. ^ David L. Presotto; Dennis M. Ritchie. . Software—Practice and Experience. 1990, 19 [2015-06-01]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-03）. 
  8. ^ . Bell Labs. [2013-12-25]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-03）. 
  9. ^ The IX Multilevel-Secure UNIX System. [2015-06-01]. （原始内容于2015-09-23）. 

一月 11, 2024
research, unix, 研究, unix, 是一系列的unix作業系統的通稱, 由貝爾實驗室的計算機科學研究中心, computing, science, research, center, 部門編號1127, 研發, 因此得名, 共有11個版本, 這些unix系統運行在dec, 以及interdata, 32與8, 32電腦上, 歷史, 编辑版本, 编辑manual, edition, release, date, description1st, edition, 1971, first, edition. 研究 Unix 是一系列的Unix作業系統的通稱 由貝爾實驗室的計算機科學研究中心 Computing Science Research Center 部門編號1127 研發 因此得名 共有11個版本 這些Unix系統運行在DEC PDP 7 PDP 11 VAX 以及Interdata 7 32與8 32電腦上 歷史 编辑版本 编辑Manual Edition Release date Description1st Edition Nov 3 1971 First edition of the Unix manual based on the version that ran on the PDP 11 at the time Includes the Thompson shell mail cp and su The operating system was two years old 1 having been ported from the PDP 7 to the PDP 11 20 in 1970 2nd Edition Jun 12 1972 Total number of installations at the time was 10 with more expected according to the preface of the manual 2 ii Includes echo and the first C compiler 1 3rd Edition Feb 1973 Introduced the C programming language pipes crypt and yacc Commands are split between bin and usr bin requiring a search path 1 usr was the mountpoint for a second hard disk Total number of installations was 16 4th Edition Nov 1973 First version written in C Also introduced groups grep and printf 1 Number of installations was listed as above 20 The manual was formatted with troff for the first time Version described in Thompson and Ritchie s CACM paper 3 the first public exposition of the operating system 1 5th Edition Jun 1974 Widely licensed to educational institutions 4 Introduced find dd 1 and the sticky bit Targeted the PDP 11 40 and other 11 models with 18 bit addresses Installations above 50 6th Edition May 1975 Includes ratfor and bc 1 First version to be also licensed to commercial users 4 and to be ported to non PDP hardware May 1977 saw the release of MINI UNIX a cut down v6 for the low end PDP 11 10 7th Edition Jan 1979 Includes the Bourne shell cpio sed ioctl awk f77 spell and stdio 1 The ancestor of all modern UNIX systems and the last release of Research Unix to see widespread external distributions Merged most of the utilities of PWB UNIX with an extensively modified kernel with almost 80 more lines of code than V6 In February a port called 32V was made to DEC s VAX hardware 32V was the basis for 4BSD 8th Edition Feb 1985 來源請求 A modified 4 1cBSD for the VAX with a System V shell and sockets replaced by Streams Used internally and only licensed for educational use 5 The Blit graphics terminal became the primary user interface 1 Added a network filesystem that allowed accessing remote computers files as n i hostname i i path i and a regular expression library that introduced an API later mimicked by Henry Spencer s reimplementation 6 First version with no assembly in the documentation 1 9th Edition Sep 1986 Incorporated code from 4 3BSD used internally Featured a generalized version of the Streams IPC mechanism introduced in V8 The mount system call was extended to connect a stream to a file the other end of which could be connected to a user level program This mechanism was used to implement network connection code in userspace 7 Other innovations include make and Sam 1 According to Dennis Ritchie V9 and V10 were conceptual manuals existed but no OS distributions in complete and coherent form 5 10th Edition Oct 1989 Last Research Unix Although the manual was published outside of AT amp T by Saunders College Publishing 8 there was no full distribution of the system itself 5 Novelties included graphics typesetting tools designed to work with troff a C interpreter animation programs and several tools later found in Plan 9 the Mk build tool and the rc shell V10 was also the basis for Doug McIlroy and James A Reeds multilevel secure operating system IX 9 註釋 编辑 1 00 1 01 1 02 1 03 1 04 1 05 1 06 1 07 1 08 1 09 1 10 McIlroy M D A Research Unix reader annotated excerpts from the Programmer s Manual 1971 1986 PDF 技术报告 CSTR Bell Labs 1987 2015 06 01 139 原始内容存档 PDF 于2019 11 30 引证错误 带有name属性 reader 的 lt ref gt 标签用不同内容定义了多次 Thompson Ken Ritchie Dennis M UNIX Programmer s Manual Second Edition PDF Bell Telephone Laboratories 1972 06 12 2015 06 01 原始内容 PDF 存档于2016 10 06 Ritchie D M Thompson K The UNIX Time Sharing System CACM 1974 17 7 365 375 2015 06 01 原始内容存档于2005 12 30 4 0 4 1 Fiedler Ryan The Unix Tutorial Part 3 Unix in the Microcomputer Marketplace BYTE October 1983 132 2015 01 30 5 0 5 1 5 2 Dennis Ritchie TUHS Re V7 UNIX on VAX 11 750 2003 06 27 2014 04 09 原始内容存档于2014 06 20 Henry Spencer regexp 3 Newsgroup mod sources 1986 01 19 2013 01 09 Usenet 1316 panda UUCP 原始内容存档于2011 01 22 David L Presotto Dennis M Ritchie Interprocess Communication in the Ninth Edition Unix System Software Practice and Experience 1990 19 2015 06 01 原始内容存档于2015 02 03 Unix Tenth Edition Manual Bell Labs 2013 12 25 原始内容存档于2015 02 03 The IX Multilevel Secure UNIX System 2015 06 01 原始内容存档于2015 09 23 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title Research Unix amp oldid 73680954, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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