维基百科
露螽亚科
露螽亚科（學名：Phaneropterinae）是螽斯科的直翅目昆蟲之下一個亞科[2][3]，包括85個屬、接近2060個物種，遍佈全世界。
| 露螽亞科 | |
|---|---|
| 一隻雌性的Phaneroptera nana | |
| 一隻雄性的Isophya pyrenaea | |
| 科学分类 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 直翅目 Orthoptera |
| 科： | 螽斯科 Tettigoniidae |
| 亚科： | 露螽亞科 Phaneropterinae Burmeister, 1838[1] |
| 異名 | |
| |
本亞科的學名源於舊世界物種露螽屬（Phaneroptera），因為這個屬的物種的內翅尖端外露（phanero-+ptera）[4]。
Adult Phaneropterinae species with eggs
形態描述
The legs of individuals in this subfamily vary from genus to genus, but, as in nearly all 直翅目, the posterior (rear) legs are adapted to leaping, and as such are always much longer than other legs.
The Phaneropterinae are largely arboreal in habitat.[2] The vast majority of species live in shrubs and trees, feeding on leaves and twigs.[2] Some species might potentially cause significant damage, though usually superficial, when present in large numbers, but this is rare; they usually are solitary, unlike 蝗科, so much so that they seldom come to human notice.[2]
The 產卵管 and male genitalia vary according to the genus. The Phaneropterinae differ from other subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (and other Orthoptera) in their oviposition; their eggs are rarely deposited in the earth, but are either glued in double rows to twigs, or are inserted in the edges of leaves.[2]
分類學
露螽亚科是由德意志帝國的动物学家Hermann Burmeister於1838年建立[3]。截至2019年1月[update]，根據《直翅目物種檔案》（Orthoptera Species File）列出本亞科接近100個屬可再細分為下列各個族、亞族[3]：
Acrometopini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Europe, the Middle East, Africa
Orophus tessellatus
- Acrometopa Fieber, 1853
- Altihoratosphaga Hemp, Voje, Heller & Hemp, 2010
- Conchotopoda Karsch, 1887
- Horatosphaga Schaum, 1853
- Lamecosoma Ragge, 1960
- Peronura Karsch, 1889
- Peronurella Hemp, 2017
- Prosphaga Ragge, 1960
- Tenerasphaga Hemp, 2017
Amblycoryphini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Africa
Amblycorypha insolita
- Plangiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
- Madagascarantia Massa, 2017
- Monteiroa Karsch, 1889
- Paraplangia Heller, 2018
- Plangia Stål, 1873
- Pseudoplangia Massa, 2014
- Subtribe not assigned
- Agaurella Uvarov, 1939
- Amblycorypha Stål, 1873
- Eurycorypha Stål, 1873
- Orophus Saussure, 1859
- Oxygonatium Ragge, 1980
- Plangiodes Chopard, 1954
Barbitistini
Auth.: Jacobson, 1905 – Europe to central Asia
Male Barbitistes obtusus
Isophya species mating
- Ancistrura Uvarov, 1921
- Andreiniimon Capra, 1937
- Barbitistes Charpentier, 1825
- Dasycercodes Bei-Bienko, 1951
- Euconocercus Bei-Bienko, 1950
- Isoimon Bei-Bienko, 1954
- Isophya Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Kurdia Uvarov, 1916
- Leptophyes Fieber, 1853
- Metaplastes Ramme, 1939
- Orthocercodes Bei-Bienko, 1951
- Parapoecilimon Karabag, 1975
- Phonochorion Uvarov, 1916
- Poecilimon Fischer, 1853
- Polysarcus Fieber, 1853
Catoptropterigini
Auth.: Massa, 2016 – Africa
- Catoptropteryx Karsch, 1890
- Griffinipteryx Massa, 2016
Ducetiini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, India, China, Indochina to Australia
Ducetia sp.
- Abaxisotima Gorochov, 2005
- Agnapha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- 條螽屬 Ducetia Stål, 1874
- 桑螽屬 Kuwayamaea Matsumura & Shiraki, 1908
- Noia Walker, 1870
- 似條螽屬 Paraducetia Gorochov & Kang, 2002
- Paragnapha Willemse, 1923
- 脊尾螽屬 Prohimerta Hebard, 1922
- 素木螽属 Shirakisotima Furukawa, 1963
- 拟鼓鸣螽属 Subibulbistridulous Shi, 2002
Dysoniini
Auth.: Rehn, 1950 – tropical Americas
- Genus group Dysonia (temporary)
- Dysonia White, 1862
- Lichenodentix Cadena-Castañeda, 2011
- Lichenomorphus Cadena-Castañeda, 2011
- Genus group Markia Cadena-Castañeda, 2013
- Apolinaria Rehn, 1950
- Lichenodraculus Braun, 2011
- Machima Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Machimoides Rehn, 1950
- Markia White, 1862
- Genus group Paraphidniae Cadena-Castañeda, 2016
- Anaphidna Gorochov & Cadena-Castañeda, 2012
- Paraphidnia Giglio-Tos, 1898
- Genus group not assigned
- Hammatofera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Quiva Hebard, 1927
- Yungasacris Rehn, 1950
Ectemnini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – tropical Americas
- Ectemna Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Euthyrrhachis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Elimaeini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 – Asia
Elimaea punctifera
- Ectadia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- 掩耳螽屬 Elimaea Stål, 1874
- 半掩耳螽 Hemielimaea Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Orthelimaea Karny, 1926
Holochlorini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Asia-Pacific
Holochlora japonica female laying eggs
Poecilopsyra octoseriata
- Ancylecha Serville, 1838
- Arantia Stål, 1874
- Arnobia Stål, 1876
- Calopsyra Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Casigneta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Cesasundana Koçak & Kemal, 2009
- Dapanera Karsch, 1889
- Elbenia Stål, 1876
- Furnia Stål, 1876
- Gonatoxia Karsch, 1889
- 綠螽屬 Holochlora Stål, 1873
- Leucopodoptera Rentz & Webber, 2003
- 光頸螽屬 Liotrachela Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- 叶尾螽属 Molpa Walker, 1870
- 副缘螽属 Parapsyra Carl, 1914
- 擬綠螽屬 Phaulula Bolívar, 1906
- Phygela Stål, 1876
- Poecilopsyra Dohrn, 1892
- 擬黑緣螽屬 Pseudopsyra Hebard, 1922
- 黑緣螽屬 Psyrana Uvarov, 1940
- 直缘螽属 Rectimarginalis Liu & Kang, 2007
- 糙頸螽屬 Ruidocollaris Liu, 1993
- 華綠螽屬 Sinochlora Tinkham, 1945
- Stibaroptera Bolívar, 1906
- 异缘螽属 Stictophaula Hebard, 1922
- 并脉螽属 Sympaestria Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- 麻螽属 Tapiena Bolívar, 1906
Insarini
Auth.: Rehn, & Hebard, 1914 – tropical & subtropical Americas
Arethaea sp.
- Arethaea Stål, 1876
- Brachyinsara Rehn & Hebard, 1914
- Insara Walker, 1869
- Psilinsara Hebard, 1932
Kevaniellini
Auth.: Massa, 2017 – eastern Africa
- Kevaniella Chopard, 1954
Letanini
Auth.: Hebard, 1922 – Asia
- Himertula Uvarov, 1940
- Letana Walker, 1869
Microcentrini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas
Microcentrum retinerve
- Acropsis Uvarov, 1939
- Anapolisia Piza, 1980
- Apoballa Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Ischyra Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Lamprophyllum Hebard, 1924
- Lobophyllus Saussure, 1859
- Microcentrum Scudder, 1862
- Petaloptera Saussure, 1859
- Philophyllia Stål, 1873
- Phoebolampta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Syntechna Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Mirolliini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Asia
- Amirollia Ingrisch, 2011
- 斜緣螽屬 Deflorita Bolívar, 1906
- Hemimirollia Ingrisch, 2011
- Hueikaeana Ingrisch, 1998
- 奇螽屬 Mirollia Stål, 1873
Morgeniini
Auth.: Karsch, 1890
- Mangomaloba Sjöstedt, 1902
- Morgenia Karsch, 1890
Odonturini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Iberian peninsular, Africa, Pacific islands
Dichopetala castanea
- Genus group Dichopetala (temporary)
- Acanthorintes Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
- Dichopetala Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Gymnocerca Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
- Mactruchus Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
- Obolopteryx Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
- Planipollex Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
- Pterodichopetala Buzzetti, Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2010
- Rhabdocerca Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
- Genus group not assigned
- Angara Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Anisophya Karabag, 1960
- Arachnitus Hebard, 1932
- Arostratum Massa, 2015
- Atlasacris Rehn, 1914
- Cohnia Buzzetti, Fontana & Carotti, 2010
- Monticolaria Sjöstedt, 1909
- Nanoleptopoda Braun, 2011
- Odontura Rambur, 1838
- Odonturoides Ragge, 1980
- Paraperopyrrhicia Ebner, 1915
- Peropyrrhicia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Xenicola Uvarov, 1940
Otiaphysini
Auth.: Karsch, 1889
- Debrona Walker, 1870
- Drepanophyllum Karsch, 1890
- Stenamblyphyllum Karsch, 1896
- Tetraconcha Karsch, 1890
Pardalotini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Pardalota Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Poecilogramma Karsch, 1887
Percynini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America
- Percyna Grant, 1964
- Sictuna Walker, 1869
Phaneropterini
Auth.: Burmeister, 1838 – distributed worldwide
Phaneroptera nana 若蟲
- Anaulacomerina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America
- Abrodiaeta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Anaulacomera Stål, 1873
- Grammadera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Mendesius Piza, 1960
- Montealegrezia Cadena-Castañeda, 2012
- Phaneropteroides Piza, 1971
- Rostellula Gorochov, 2018
- Separatula Gorochov, 2018
- Tenellulus Cadena-Castañeda, 2012
- Pelecynotina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America
- Pelecynotum Piza, 1967
- Viadanina Cadena-Castañeda, 2012 – Central and South America
- Tomeophera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Viadana Walker, 1869
- Subtribe not assigned
- Agennis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Chloroscirtus Saussure & Pictet, 1897
- Dioncomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Dithela Karsch, 1890
- Eucatopta Karsch, 1889
- Melidia Stål, 1876
- Nephoptera Uvarov, 1929
- Parapyrrhicia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- 露螽屬 Phaneroptera Serville, 1831
- Pigalua Massa, 2017
- Pleothrix Ragge, 1980
- Pseudophaneroptera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Symmetrokarschia Massa, 2015
- Symmetroraggea Massa, 2015
- Xenodoxus Carl, 1914
Phlaurocentrini
Auth.: Karsch, 1889 – Africa
- Buettneria Karsch, 1889
- Leiodontocercus Chopard, 1954
- Phlaurocentrum Karsch, 1889
Phyllopterini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Phyllopterina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America
- Apocerycta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Arota Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Cephalophylloptera Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
- Hyperphrona Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Hyperphorina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
- Itarissa Walker, 1869
- Julchiella Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
- Meneghelia Piza, 1980
- Metaprosagoga Vignon, 1930
- Phrixa (insect) Stål, 1874
- Phylloptera Serville, 1831
- Resecabimus Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
- Uberabina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America
- Polichnodes Giglio-Tos, 1898
- Uberaba Bruner, 1915
Plagiopleurini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
- Diplophyllus Saussure, 1859
- Parableta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Plagiopleura Stål, 1873
Plangiopsidini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa
- Plangiola Bolívar, 1906
- Plangiopsis Karsch, 1889
Poreuomenini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa
- Cestromoecha Karsch, 1893
- Paraporeuomena Massa, 2018
- Poreuomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Preussiini
Auth.: Karsch, 1890 – Africa
- Enochletica Karsch, 1896
- Preussia Karsch, 1890
- Weissenbornia Karsch, 1888
Pycnopalpini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 – Central and South America
- Pycnopalpina Cadena-Castañeda, 2014
- Hetaira (insect) Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Montezumina Hebard, 1925
- Pycnopalpa Serville, 1838
- Topanga Walker, 1869
- Theiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2014
- Dolichocercus Rehn & Hebard, 1914
- Oxyprorella Giglio-Tos, 1898
- Theia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Theiella Cadena-Castañeda, 2014
Scudderiini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas
Scudderia sp.
- Aganacris Walker, 1871
- Caroliniella Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
- Ceraia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Ceraiaella Hebard, 1933
- Ctenophorema Piza, 1967
- Euceraia Hebard, 1927
- Harroweria Hebard, 1927
- Homotoicha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Inscudderia Caudell, 1921
- Ligocatinus Rehn, 1901
- Parascudderia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Phanerocercus Piza, 1980
- Scudderia Stål, 1873
- Theudoria Stål, 1874
- Vellea Walker, 1869
- Zenirella Piza, 1973
Steirodontini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
Stilpnochlora couloniana
- Cnemidophyllum Rehn, 1917
- Emsleyfolium Cadena-Castañeda, Mendes & Alves-Oliveira, 2016
- Nicklephyllum Cadena-Castañeda, 2016
- Steirodon Serville, 1831
- Stilpnochlora Stål, 1873
Terpnistrini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Sri Lanka
- Diogena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Gelotopoia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Terpnistria Stål, 1873
- Terpnistrioides Ragge, 1980
- Tropidophrys Karsch, 1896
Trigonocoryphini
Auth.: Bei-Bienko, 1954 – Middle East, India, Malaysia
- Cosmozoma Karsch, 1889
- Megotoessa Karsch, 1889
- Trigonocorypha Stål, 1873
Tylopsidini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, Middle East, western Asia
Tylopsis lilifolia
- Tylopsis Fieber, 1853
Vossiini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa, Asia
- Vossiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa
- Azamia Bolívar, 1906
- Vossia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Xantiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Asia
- Paraxantia Liu & Kang, 2009 – China
- Xantia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Borneo
Zeuneriini
Zeuneria melanopeza
Auth.: Karsh, 1890 - tropical Africa
- Gravenreuthia Karsch, 1892
- Zeuneria Karsch, 1889
Genus groups and other incertae sedis
Subtribe Trachyzulphina Gorochov, 2014 – China, Indochina, Malesia
- 棘露螽屬 Trachyzulpha Dohrn, 1892
Genus groups include:
Male Acripeza reticulata
Caedicia simplex
- Acridopezae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Australia
- Acripeza Guérin-Méneville, 1832
- Aegimiae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America
- Aegimia Stål, 1874
- Aniarae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America, E. Africa
- Aniarella Bolívar, 1906
- Burgilis Stål, 1873
- Corymeta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Coryphoda Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Hyperophora Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Pseudoburgilis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Tetana Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Centroferae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
- Centrofera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Cosmophylla Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America, Madagascar, Australia
- Cosmophyllum Blanchard, 1851
- Engonia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Marenestha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Ozphyllum Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2007
- Paracosmophyllum Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Stenophyllia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Dysmorphae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Malesia
- Dysmorpha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Ephippithytae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, Australia
- Alectoria Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1879
- Caedicia Stål, 1874
- Currimundria Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2008
- Diastella Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Dicorypha Krauss, 1902
- Ephippitytha Serville, 1838
- Kurandoptera Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2008
- Polichne Stål, 1874
- Protina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1879
- Symmachis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Torbia Walker, 1869
- Eurypalpae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Eastern China, Vietnam, Sumatra, Australia
- Ceratopompa Karsch, 1890
- Zulpha Walker, 1870
- Isopserae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Eastern Africa, India, Indochina, Malesia
- 平背螽屬 Isopsera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Pelerinus Bolívar, 1906
- Pseudopyrrhizia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Karschiae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Karschia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Leptoderae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Sri Lanka, Malesia
- Leptoderes Serville, 1838
- Pseudophaneropterae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Sri Lanka, Sumatra
- Pseudophaneroptera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- ScambophyllaBrunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Indochina, Malesia
- Scambophyllum Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Scaphurae Westwood, 1838 – South America
- Scaphura Kirby, 1825
- Taeniomenae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Australia
- Elephantodeta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Tinzeda Walker, 1869
- Turpiliae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central America, Caribbean
- Turpilia Stål, 1874
- Turpiliodes Hebard, 1932
These genera have not been placed in a tribe:
- Alloducetia Xia & Liu, 1992
- Anchispora Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Angustithorax Massa, 2015
- Anisotochra Karsch, 1889
- Anormalous Liu, 2011
- Aphroptera Bolívar, 1902
- Astathomima Karny, 1929
- Austrodontura Fontana & Buzzetti, 2004
- Balneum Piza, 1967
- Baryprostha Karsch, 1891
- Bertius Piza, 1974
- Bongeia Sjöstedt, 1902
- Brinckiella Chopard, 1955
- Brycoptera Ragge, 1981
- Bueacola Sjöstedt, 1912
- Chinensis Özdikmen, 2009
- Chloroscirtus Saussure & Pictet, 1897
- Choirorhynchus Piza, 1974
- Conversifastigia Liu & Kang, 2008
- Corycomima Karsch, 1896
- Diastellidea Bolívar, 1902
- Dicranopsyra Dohrn, 1892
- Ectomoptera Ragge, 1980
- Elbeniopsis Dohrn, 1906
- Enthephippion Bruner, 1915
- Ephippitythoidea Tepper, 1892
- Eulioptera Ragge, 1956
- Eulophophyllum Hebard, 1922
- Euryastes Ragge, 1980
- Euxenica Bruner, 1915
- Execholyrus Henry, 1940
- Gabonella Uvarov, 1940
- Gatunella Uvarov, 1940
- Gelatopoiidion Zacher, 1909
- Gregoryella Uvarov, 1925
- Harposcepa Karsch, 1896
- Indogneta Ingrisch & Shishodia, 2000
- Itokiia Sjöstedt, 1902
- Ivensia Bolívar, 1890
- Japygophana Carl, 1921
- Khaoyaiana Ingrisch, 1990
- Ladnea Walker, 1869
- Lunidia Hemp, 2010
- Macedna Karsch, 1891
- Materuana Hemp, 2017
- Meruterrana Sjöstedt, 1912
- Milititsa Burr, 1900
- Miltinobates Sjöstedt, 1902
- Mimoscudderia Carl, 1914
- Myllocentrum Ragge, 1962
- Natricia Walker, 1869
- Nesoscirtella Carl, 1914
- Niphella Bolívar, 1900
- Oxyecous Chopard, 1935
- Paracaedicia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Parapelerinus Liu & Kang, 2008
- Paraphylloptera Carl, 1914
- Parapolichne Bolívar, 1902
- Phaneroptila Uvarov, 1957
- Physocorypha Karsch, 1896
- Platycaedicia Hebard, 1922
- Platylyra Scudder, 1898
- Polygamus Carl, 1914
- Procaedicia Bolívar, 1902
- Pronomapyga Rehn, 1914
- Pseudomacedna Liu, 2014
- Pseudopreussia Hemp, 2017
- Puerula Bolívar, 1906
- Qinlingea Liu & Kang, 2007
- Raggeiella Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
- Raggophyllum Nickle, 1967
- Sanabria Walker, 1869
- Scolocerca Ragge, 1980
- Semicarinata Liu & Kang, 2007
- Sikoriella Carl, 1914
- Stylomolpa Karny, 1926
- Sympaestroides Willemse, 1942
- Tamdaopteron Gorochov, 2005
- Tropidonotacris Chopard, 1954
Eulophophyllum thaumasium 雌蟲
Paracaedicia serrata
參考文獻
- ^ Burmeister H (1838) Handbuch der Entomologie 2 2(I-VIII):684
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Blatch, WS. Phaneropterinae (pp. 459-494). Orthoptera of northeastern America, Family VII. Tettigoniidae, Subfamily I, Phaneropterinae (PDF). Indianapolis, IN (USA): Nature Publishing. 1920: 784 p. （英语）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cigliano, M. M.; Braun, H.; Eades, D. C.; Otte, D. subfamily Phaneropterinae Burmeister, 1838. orthoptera.speciesfile.org. Orthoptera Species File. [4 January 2019].
- ^ Jaeger, Edmund Carroll. A source-book of biological names and terms . Springfield, Ill: Thomas. 1959. ISBN 0-398-06179-3.
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