Pathping

Pathping是Windows系统中自带的一个网络诊断工具，用于检测本地至目的地之间节点的网络延迟和穩定性。^[1]

原理

pathping在一段时间内，从本地至目的地之间发送多个Echo Request消息给中间经过的每个节点，然后基于数据包从每个路由器返回的信息来计算结果。所以，pathping可以显示每个节点的数据包丢失的百分比，以便判断具体哪个节点或子网可能出现网络故障。pathping与tracert执行相同的路由跟踪命令去识别这条路径上有哪些路由器，但它额外多了一个步骤：给每个节点发送100个数据包，获取返回信息后去计算每个节点的统计信息。^[2]

范例

C:\Documents and Settings\User>pathping Usage: pathping [-g host-list] [-h maximum_hops] [-i address] [-n] [-p period] [-q num_queries] [-w timeout] [-P] [-R] [-T] [-4] [-6] target_name Options: -g host-list Loose source route along host-list. -h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target. -i address Use the specified source address. -n Do not resolve addresses to hostnames. -p period Wait period milliseconds between pings. -q num_queries Number of queries per hop. -w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply. -P Test for RSVP PATH connectivity. -R Test if each hop is RSVP aware. -T Test connectivity to each hop with Layer-2 priority tags. -4 Force using IPv4. -6 Force using IPv6.[3]

例子

 >pathping wikipedia.org Tracing route to wikipedia.com [207.142.131.235] over a maximum of 30 hops: 0 simonslaptop [192.168.0.11] 1 192.168.0.1 2 thus1-hg2.ilford.broadband.bt.net [217.32.64.73] 3 217.32.64.34 4 217.32.64.110 5 anchor-border-1-4-0-2-191.router.demon.net [212.240.162.126] 6 anchor-core-2-g0-0-1.router.demon.net [194.70.98.29] 7 ny1-border-1-a1-0-s2.router.demon.net [194.70.97.66] 8 ge-8-0-153.ipcolo1.NewYork1.Level3.net [209.246.123.177] 9 ae-0-51.bbr1.NewYork1.Level3.net [64.159.17.1] 10 so-2-0-0.mp1.Tampa1.Level3.net [209.247.11.201] 11 ge-6-0.hsa2.Tampa1.Level3.net [64.159.1.10] 12 unknown.Level3.net [63.208.24.2] 13 Computing statistics for 325 seconds... Source to Here This Node/Link Hop RTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct Address 0 simonslaptop [192.168.0.11] 0/ 100 = 0% | 1 0ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% 192.168.0.1 0/ 100 = 0% | 2 18ms 1/ 100 = 1% 1/ 100 = 1% thus1-hg2.ilford.broadband.bt.net [217.32.64.73] 0/ 100 = 0% | 3 18ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% 217.32.64.34 0/ 100 = 0% | 4 21ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% 217.32.64.110 0/ 100 = 0% | 5 21ms 1/ 100 = 1% 1/ 100 = 1% anchor-border-1-4-0-2-191.router.demon.net [212.240.162.126] 0/ 100 = 0% | 6 --- 100/ 100 =100% 100/ 100 =100% anchor-core-2-g0-0-1.router.demon.net [194.70.98.29] 0/ 100 = 0% | 7 --- 100/ 100 =100% 100/ 100 =100% ny1-border-1-a1-0-s2.router.demon.net [194.70.97.66] 0/ 100 = 0% | 8 100ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% ge-8-0-153.ipcolo1.NewYork1.Level3.net [209.246.123.177] 0/ 100 = 0% | 9 94ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% ae-0-51.bbr1.NewYork1.Level3.net [64.159.17.1] 0/ 100 = 0% | 10 134ms 1/ 100 = 1% 1/ 100 = 1% so-2-0-0.mp1.Tampa1.Level3.net [209.247.11.201] 0/ 100 = 0% | 11 137ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% ge-6-0.hsa2.Tampa1.Level3.net [64.159.1.10] 0/ 100 = 0% | 12 131ms 0/ 100 = 0% 0/ 100 = 0% unknown.Level3.net [63.208.24.2] 100/ 100 =100% | 13 --- 100/ 100 =100% 0/ 100 = 0% win2000 [0.0.0.0] Trace complete. 

>pathping wikipedia.org -q 10[4] Tracing route to wikipedia.org [66.230.200.100] over a maximum of 30 hops: 0 Aaron.hsd1.mn.comcast.net. [192.168.11.3] 1 air.setup [192.168.11.1] 2 73.127.68.1 3 ge-1-38-ur01.minnetonka.mn.minn.comcast.net [68.86.234.41] 4 68.86.232.37 5 68.86.232.33 6 * 68.86.232.5 7 68.86.232.1 8 12.116.99.41 9 tbr2.cgcil.ip.att.net [12.122.99.70] 10 * ggr2.cgcil.ip.att.net [12.123.6.69] 11 ar1-a3120s2.wswdc.ip.att.net [192.205.34.6] 12 66.192.247.163 13 ge8-13.csw5-pmtpa.wikimedia.org [66.193.50.242] 14 * rr.pmtpa.wikimedia.org [66.230.200.100] Computing statistics for 35 seconds... Source to Here This Node/Link Hop RTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct Address 0 Aaron.hsd1.mn.comcast.net. [192.168.11.3] 0/ 10 = 0% | 1 0ms 0/ 10 = 0% 0/ 10 = 0% air.setup [192.168.11.1] 0/ 10 = 0% | 2 8ms 0/ 10 = 0% 0/ 10 = 0% 73.127.68.1 0/ 10 = 0% | 3 8ms 0/ 10 = 0% 0/ 10 = 0% ge-1-38-ur01.minnetonka.mn.minn.comcast.net [68.86.234.41] 0/ 10 = 0% | 4 9ms 0/ 10 = 0% 0/ 10 = 0% 68.86.232.37 0/ 10 = 0% | 5 8ms 0/ 10 = 0% 0/ 10 = 0% 68.86.232.33 0/ 10 = 0% | 6 12ms 0/ 10 = 0% 0/ 10 = 0% 68.86.232.5 0/ 10 = 0% | 7 8ms 0/ 10 = 0% 0/ 10 = 0% 68.86.232.1 0/ 10 = 0% | 8 20ms 0/ 10 = 0% 0/ 10 = 0% 12.116.99.41 0/ 10 = 0% | 9 --- 10/ 10 =100% 10/ 10 =100% tbr2.cgcil.ip.att.net [12.122.99.70] 0/ 10 = 0% | 10 --- 10/ 10 =100% 10/ 10 =100% ggr2.cgcil.ip.att.net [12.123.6.69] 0/ 10 = 0% | 11 --- 10/ 10 =100% 10/ 10 =100% ar1-a3120s2.wswdc.ip.att.net [192.205.34.6] 0/ 10 = 0% | 12 --- 10/ 10 =100% 10/ 10 =100% 66.192.247.163 0/ 10 = 0% | 13 63ms 0/ 10 = 0% 0/ 10 = 0% ge8-13.csw5-pmtpa.wikimedia.org [66.193.50.242] 0/ 10 = 0% | 14 63ms 0/ 10 = 0% 0/ 10 = 0% rr.pmtpa.wikimedia.org [66.230.200.100] Trace complete. >pathping wikipedia.org -n Tracing route to wikipedia-lb.eqiad.wikimedia.org [208.80.154.225]over a maximum of 30 hops: 0 192.168.1.102 1 192.168.1.1 2 10.202.181.110 3 10.202.182.109 4 10.202.181.153 5 10.202.181.49 6 212.72.4.97 7 82.178.32.102 8 63.218.109.117 9 63.218.44.38 10 206.111.0.249 11 216.156.8.189 12 * * * Computing statistics for 275 seconds... 

參考來源

1. MS-DOS pathping command help. [2013-10-25]. （原始内容于2013-11-06）. 
2. . [2013-10-25]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-05）. 

3.  C:\Documents and Settings\User>ver Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600]

4. note the shorter wait with only 10 queries per hop instead of the default 100