Open Whisper Systems(簡稱OWS)是一個非營利軟件開發團體,由莫克西·馬林斯佩克(英语:Moxie Marlinspike)在2013年創辦。他們主要專注在研發Signal通信協議[7]及維護相關的加密即時通訊軟件Signal。[8]OWS團體依靠捐款及資助營運,其產品皆為自由軟件。
^A New Home. Open Whisper Systems. 2013-01-21 [2014-03-01]. (原始内容于2013-04-29).
^ 2.02.1Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo. WhatsApp messages now have Snowden-approved encryption on Android. Mashable. 2014-11-18 [2015-01-23]. (原始内容于2015-01-23).
^. OpenCorporates. Delaware Department of State: Division of Corporations. 2018-07-15 [2019-02-13]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-19).
^Lee, Micah. . The Intercept. First Look Media. 2016-06-22 [2016-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
^Marlinspike, Moxie; Acton, Brian. Signal Foundation. Signal.org. 2018-02-21 [2018-02-21]. (原始内容于2020-02-16).
^Marlinspike, Moxie. . TechCrunch Disrupt SF 2017. Interview with Devin Coldewey (San Francisco, CA: Oath Inc.). 2017-09-18. 3:50 [2017-09-19]. (原始内容存档于2018-02-23).
^Tung, Liam. Snowden's preferred messaging app Signal comes to the desktop with Chrome. ZDNet. CBS Interactive. 2016-04-08 [2016-04-09]. (原始内容于2017-01-10).