Gab

Gab是一家美国的另类科技微博和社交网络服务，以其极右翼用户群闻名。^[2][3][4][5]它被广泛描述为新纳粹主义者、种族主义者、白人至上主义者、白人民族主义者、反犹太主义者、极右翼分子、唐纳德·特朗普支持者、保守派、右翼自由意志主义者以及匿名者Q等阴谋论信奉者的避风港^[6][7]，并吸引了那些被其他社交媒体平台封禁的用户和群体，以及寻求主流社交媒体替代品的用户。^[8][9][10]Gab成立于2016年，于2017年5月公开发布^[3][11]，声称促进言论自由、个人自由、“在线信息自由流动”和基督教价值观（英语：Christian values）。^{[12][13][14][15]}研究人员和记者将这些说法视为对其极端主义生态系统的掩盖。^[13][16]反犹太主义在该网站的内容中占据显著地位，该公司本身也曾发表反犹太言论。Gab的首席执行官安德鲁·托巴曾推动白人種族滅絕陰謀論。^{[13][14][15][17]}Gab总部位于宾夕法尼亚州。^[18]

Gab

公司类型	股份有限公司
网站类型	社交網絡服務
语言	多語言
總部	美國賓夕法尼亞
業務範圍	世界各地
持有者	Gab AI, Inc.
创始人	Andrew Torba（執行長） Ekrem Büyükkaya（技術長）
网址	gab.com
注册	需要
推出时间	2016年8月15日，​7年前​（2016-08-15）
现状	活跃
編程語言	Mastodon、複刻 (軟體開發)

研究人员指出，Gab已经“多次与导致现实世界暴力事件的激进主义联系在一起”。^[19]该网站在2018年10月匹兹堡犹太教堂枪击案后受到了广泛的公众关注——袭击者罗伯特·格列高利·鲍尔斯（Robert Gregory Bowers）在该平台上发布了极端的反犹太主义言论，并在枪击事件前发布了表明他立即打算造成伤害的消息。^[20][21][22]枪击事件后，Gab被其托管提供商终止服务并遭到几个支付处理机构拒绝服务，因而暂时下线。^[23][24][25]2021年，Gab是计划于1月6日发动2021年美国国会大厦袭击事件的平台之一。^[26]

Gab的功能类似于Twitter。^[27][28]Gab的用户可以发布帖子、发起私人聊天、加入群组、直播和购买产品。^[18]该公司还维护电子邮件服务、短信服务、新闻聚合网站、广告平台、网页浏览器和允许用户在第三方网站上进行评论的浏览器扩展。^{[29][13][30][31][32][33]}2019年7月，Gab将其软件基础设施切换到了免费开源社交网络服务平台Mastodon的一个分支。Mastodon发表了一份声明，抗议并谴责Gab试图“通过隐藏在言论自由的旗帜下变现并为种族主义内容提供平台”。^[34][35]

中國大陸封鎖

依據GreatFire測試，其網站在中國大陸被當局的網墻封鎖，即當地網民無法正常訪問該網站，2020年11月或更早起遭受封鎖至今。^[36][37]

参见

•  自由软件主题

• 微博客
• 社交网络服务
• Parler
• Voat

参考文献

1. . Alexa Internet. [June 28, 2020]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-01）. 
2. Selyukh, Alina. Feeling Sidelined By Mainstream Social Media, Far-Right Users Jump To Gab. All Things Considered (NPR). May 21, 2017 [November 21, 2018]. （原始内容于November 21, 2018）. 
3. Jasser, Greta; McSwiney, Jordan; Pertwee, Ed; Zannettou, Savvas. 'Welcome to No. GabFam': Far-right virtual community on Gab . New Media & Society. June 28, 2021. S2CID 237824766. doi:10.1177/14614448211024546 –通过SAGE Journals. We find Gab's technological affordances – including its lack of content moderation, culture of anonymity, microblogging architecture and funding model – have fostered an ideologically eclectic far-right community united by fears of persecution at the hands of 'Big Tech'.  含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link)
4. Zeng, Jing; Schäfer, Mike S. Conceptualizing "Dark Platforms". Covid-19-Related Conspiracy Theories on 8kun and Gab. Digital Journalism. October 21, 2021, 9 (9): 1321–1343. ISSN 2167-0811. S2CID 236279788. doi:10.1080/21670811.2021.1938165 –通过Taylor & Francis Online. 
5. Schumacher, Elizabeth. Disclose.TV: English disinformation made in Germany. Deutsche Welle. February 8, 2022 [2022-10-26] （英语）. Germany-based Disclose.TV has millions of followers – on Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and far-right social media networks like Gettr and Gab. 
6. Gab gets new domain host, expects to be back online Sunday. www.cbsnews.com. [2023-01-26] （美国英语）. 
7. 多个来源：
   • Roose, Kevin. On Gab, an Extremist-Friendly Site, Pittsburgh Shooting Suspect Aired His Hatred in Full . The New York Times. October 28, 2018 [October 28, 2018]. （原始内容于October 28, 2018）. Instead, the man accused of killing 11 people went to Gab, a two-year-old social network that bills itself as a 'free speech' alternative to those platforms, and that has become a haven for white nationalists, neo-Nazis and other extremists. 
   • Barrabi, Thomas. Social media platform Gab's website, Twitter account are down. Fox News. February 19, 2021 [February 20, 2021]. （原始内容于February 20, 2021） （美国英语）. 
   • Lorenz, Taylor. . The Atlantic. October 27, 2018 [January 27, 2022]. （原始内容存档于October 27, 2018）. Robert Bowers was an avid user of Gab, a social network popular among white nationalists and the alt-right. 
   • Brustein, Joshua. . Bloomberg News. October 30, 2018 [January 27, 2022]. （原始内容存档于October 31, 2018）. For many people, the massacre in Pittsburgh on Saturday was an introduction to gab.ai, a social-media website popular among right-wing extremists. 
8. Wilson, Jason. Gab: alt-right's social media alternative attracts users banned from Twitter. The Guardian. November 17, 2016 [December 3, 2016]. （原始内容于December 4, 2016）. 
9. Bagavathi, Arunkumar; Bashiri, Pedram; Reid, Shannon; Phillips, Matthew; Krishnan, Siddharth. Examining untempered social media: analyzing cascades of polarized conversations. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining. ASONAM '19 (New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery). 2019-08-27: 625–632. ISBN 978-1-4503-6868-1. S2CID 184487444. arXiv:1906.04261  . doi:10.1145/3341161.3343695. 
10. Zhou, Yuchen; Dredze, Mark; Broniatowski, David A.; Adler, William D. Elites and foreign actors among the alt-right: The Gab social media platform. First Monday. August 31, 2019, 24. ISSN 1396-0466. S2CID 202670330. doi:10.5210/fm.v24i9.10062 （英语）. 
11. . StartEngine. [July 12, 2017]. （原始内容存档于July 12, 2017）. 
12. Dias, Elizabeth. The Far-Right Christian Quest for Power: 'We Are Seeing Them Emboldened'. The New York Times. July 8, 2022. 
13. Fox, Mira. How one far-right platform has weaponized antisemitism and Christian extremism to foment insurrection. The Forward. January 5, 2022 [January 8, 2022]. （原始内容于January 6, 2022） （美国英语）. 
14. Timberg, Craig; Harwell, Drew; Elizabeth, Dwoskin; Brown, Emma. From Silicon Valley elite to social media hate: The radicalization that led to Gab . The Washington Post. October 31, 2018 [January 2, 2018]. （原始内容于October 31, 2018）. 
15. Thalen, Mikael. Gab's CEO deactivates Twitter account after wildly antisemitic screed. The Daily Dot. October 20, 2021 [October 20, 2021]. （原始内容于October 20, 2021） （美国英语）. 
16. Zannettou, Savvas; Bradlyn, Barry; De Cristofaro, Emiliano; et al. What is Gab? A Bastion of Free Speech or an Alt-Right Echo Chamber?. Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2018. WWW '18 (Lyon, France). March 13, 2018: 1007–1014. ISBN 9781450356404. S2CID 13853370. arXiv:1802.05287  . doi:10.1145/3184558.3191531. 
17. Dias, Elizabeth. The Far-Right Christian Quest for Power: 'We Are Seeing Them Emboldened'. The New York Times. July 8, 2022. Jesus Christ is King of Kings and we are going to lawfully, peacefully and democratically take back this country and our culture in his name. There is absolutely nothing you or any of the other powers and principalities can do to stop us. 
18. What is Gab? A look at the far-right social media platform backing Doug Mastriano. Pennsylvania Capital-Star. 2022-08-04 [2022-08-05] （美国英语）. 
19. Ribeiro, Manoel H.; Blackburn, Jeremy; Bradlyn, Barry; De Cristofaro, Emiliano; Stringhini, Gianluca; Long, Summer; Greenberg, Stephanie; Zannettou, Savvas. The Evolution of the Manosphere Across the Web. 2020. arXiv:2001.07600   [cs.CY]. 
20. Hutchinson, Bill; Levine, Mike; Weinstein, Janet; Seyler, Matt. 'Screw the optics, I'm going in': Alleged shooter posts on social media before attack. ABC News. October 28, 2018 [July 3, 2019]. （原始内容于July 22, 2019）. 
21. Trautwein, Catherine; Thompson, A. C. Brothers Whom Authorities Linked to Pittsburgh Shooting Suspect Had Flyer Supporting Neo-Nazi Group, Officials Say. ProPublica. November 16, 2018 [August 28, 2019]. （原始内容于November 28, 2018）. 
22. Pagliery, Jose; Toropin, Konstantin. Social network Gab, a home for anti-Semitic speech, produced some of its own. CNN. October 30, 2018 [November 13, 2018]. （原始内容于October 31, 2018）. 
23. Molina, Brett. Gab, the social network used by accused Pittsburgh synagogue shooter, goes offline. USA Today. October 29, 2018 [October 30, 2018]. （原始内容于October 29, 2018）. 
24. Linton, Caroline. Gab gets new domain host, expects to be back online Sunday. CBS News. November 3, 2018 [November 5, 2018]. （原始内容于November 5, 2018）. 
25. Baker, Mike. Seattle-area company helps fringe site Gab return in wake of Pittsburgh synagogue shooting. The Seattle Times. November 4, 2018 [May 5, 2019]. （原始内容于May 5, 2019）. 
26. Allyn, Bobby. Social Media Site Gab Is Surging, Even As Critics Blame It For Capitol Violence. NPR. January 17, 2021 [January 17, 2021]. （原始内容于January 22, 2021） （英语）. 
27. Hall, Sam. Ukip candidates urge followers to switch to far-right social network Gab. The Observer. May 11, 2019 [May 16, 2019]. （原始内容于May 15, 2019）. 
28. Lonas, Lexi. Social media platform Gab gains traffic, users following Capitol riot fallout. The Hill. January 9, 2021 [January 9, 2021]. （原始内容于January 10, 2021） （英语）. 
29. Miller, Cassie; Carroll Rivas, Rachel. The Year in Hate & Extremism 2021. Southern Poverty Law Center. March 9, 2022 [March 12, 2022] （英语）. 
30. Conklin, Audrey. What is Gab.com?. Fox Business. July 10, 2020 [August 9, 2020]. （原始内容于August 8, 2020） （美国英语）. 
31. Morse, Jack. Police are worried about white extremists organizing on Gab Chat, leaked documents show. Mashable. July 13, 2020 [January 23, 2021]. （原始内容于July 14, 2020） （英语）. 
32. Gilbert, David. . Vice News. August 16, 2019 [January 26, 2021]. （原始内容存档于January 27, 2021） （英语）. 
33. Online News Challenge: Social Network Gab Takes Aim at Drudge Report With 'Trends'. KNTV. October 24, 2019 [January 23, 2021]. （原始内容于August 7, 2020） （美国英语）. 
34. Gab switches to Mastodon's code. Official Mastodon Blog. [2022-12-28] （英语）. 
35. Makuch, Ben. The Nazi-Free Alternative to Twitter Is Now Home to the Biggest Far Right Social Network. Vice. July 11, 2019 [July 12, 2019]. （原始内容于July 11, 2019）. 
36. gab.com 在中国的审查情况. zh.greatfire.org. [2022-11-17]. （原始内容于2022-11-17）. 
37. https gab.com 在中国 100% 被封锁. zh.greatfire.org. [2022-11-17]. （原始内容于2022-11-17）. 

外部链接

• 官方网站