2006年聯邦大選(英语:Canadian federal election, 2006)後,保守黨以少數政府姿態上台執政。該屆國會會期差不多長達三年,是加拿大歷來任期最長的少數政府[參 11]。保守黨在2008年加拿大聯邦大選中再次贏得最多議席,但仍未奪得下議院過半數席位,哈珀因此第二度執掌少數政府。
^這次選舉之前,自由黨歷來最差表現是1984年聯邦大選(英语:Canadian federal election, 1984),當時自由黨獲得40席。
^前為自由黨黨員的西溫哥華—陽光海岸—海天選區(英语:West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country)下議員威爾遜(英语:Blair Wilson)於2007年離開該黨,並於2008年8月加入綠黨,成為該黨首位國會議員。
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