体外膜氧合(英語:extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation,縮寫ECMO,香港稱為人工心肺,台湾音譯俗稱葉克膜,中國大陸稱為体外膜氧合),也被称为体外生命支持系统(英語:extracorporeal life support/ECLS),是一種醫療或急救設備,在心肺手术时为病人進行體外的呼吸和循環,例如重度心肺衰竭和心脏移植等手术。亦用來急救。[1]
ECMO最早由美國密西根大學醫學院成功利用。ECMO除了能暫時替代患者的心肺功能,減輕患者心肺負擔之外,也能為醫療人員爭取更多救治時間。ECMO用於孩童患者因容易產生併發症,所以可用輔助期一般僅約一週至十數日而已,而用於成人患者的輔助期則較長。ECMO使用指導及規範由相關領域專家成立的體外維生支持組織(英语:Extracorporeal Life Support Organization)來規範及訂立醫療指導原則。
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