维基百科
馬其頓戰役
馬其頓戰役（法語：Front de Macédoine）也稱薩洛尼卡戰役（Expédition de Salonique）是第一次世界大戰一個軍事戰區，由法國為首之協約國在1915年秋試圖援助塞爾維亞時所建立的，但遠征軍來的時間過晚且兵力不足。
| 馬其頓战役 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 第一次世界大戰巴爾幹戰役 (第一次世界大戰)的一部分 | |||||||
協約國士兵 | |||||||
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| 参战方 | |||||||
| 保加利亞 德國 奥匈帝国 奥斯曼帝国 | 法國 塞爾維亞 希臘(從1917開始) 英國 意大利 沙俄 (1916–1917) | ||||||
| 指挥官与领导者 | |||||||
| 奧古斯特·馮·馬肯森 奧托·馮·貝洛 弗里德里希·馮·斯科爾茨 尼古拉·熱科夫 格奧爾基·托多羅夫 克里門特·波雅吉耶夫 阿布都克里姆 | 路易·弗朗謝·德斯佩雷 莫里斯·薩拉伊 阿道夫·吉約馬 佩塔爾·博約維奇 吉沃因·米希奇 帕纳吉奥蒂斯·加加利迪斯 布萊恩·馬洪 | ||||||
| 兵力 | |||||||
| 约 600,000人 1,217門大砲 2,710挺機槍 | 約 717,000人 2,609門大砲 2,682挺機槍 | ||||||
| 伤亡与损失 | |||||||
| :200,000人傷亡或被俘 :未知 :未知 :未知 | 70,000人死亡或失蹤，以及未知受傷或被俘[1] 約40,000人傷亡或被俘[註 1] 27,000人傷亡或被俘[4] 26,207人傷亡或被俘[5] 10,538人傷亡或被俘[6][7] 未知 | ||||||
最終法軍成功建立了穩定的戰線，而馬其頓戰役大多時間都處於僵持階段。但於1918年9月，由法國將軍路易·弗朗谢·德斯佩雷發動的大規模攻勢，導致了保加利亞的投降和同盟國 (第一次世界大戰)南部戰線的崩潰。
文字註釋 编辑
- ^ Total Serbian military casualties in World War I numbered approximately 481,000, including 278,000 dead from all causes (including POWs),[2] 133,000 wounded, and 70,000 living POWs.[3] Of these 481,000, some 434,000 were suffered in the earlier Serbian campaign. Most of the rest were taken on the Macedonian front following the evacuation of the Serbian Army.
註腳 编辑
- ^ Reporters - Reporters: How the Salonica Front led to victory in WWI. 9 November 2018 [2021-12-29]. （原始内容于2021-12-29）.
- ^ Urlanis, Boris. Wars and Population. Moscow. 1971: 66, 79, 83, 85, 160, 171, 268.
- ^ Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War 1914–1920. The War Office. : 353.
- ^ "Military Casualties-World War-Estimated" Statistics Branch, GS, War Department, 25 February 1924; cited in World War I: People, Politics, and Power, published by Britannica Educational Publishing (2010) Page 219. "Total casualties for Greece were 27,000 (killed and died 5,000; wounded 21,000; prisoners and missing 1,000)"
- ^ T. J. Mitchell and G.M. Smith. "Medical Services: Casualties and Medical Statistics of the Great War." From the "Official History of the Great War". Pages 190-191. Breakdown: 2,797 killed, 1,299 died of wounds, 3,744 died of disease, 2,778 missing/captured, 16,888 wounded (minus DOW), 116,190 evacuated sick (34,726 to UK, 81,428 elsewhere) an unknown proportion of whom returned to duty later. A total of 481,262 were hospitalized for sickness overall.
- ^ Ministero della Difesa: L’Esercito italiano nella Grande Guerra (1915-1918), vol. VII: Le operazioni fuori del territorio nazionale: Albania, Macedonia, Medio Oriente, t. 3° bis: documenti, Rome 1981, Parte Prima, doc. 77, p. 173 and Parte Seconda, doc. 78, p. 351; Mortara, La salute pubblica in Italia 1925, p. 37.
- ^ Losses are given as follows for 1916 to 1918. Macedonia: 8,324, including 2,971 dead or missing and 5,353 injured. Albania: 2,214 including 298 dead, 1,069 wounded, and 847 missing.
參考資料 编辑
- Esposito, V. The West Point Atlas of American Wars, Vol II. Westport, Cn: Praeger. 1959. OCLC 311479559.
- Falls, C. Military Operations Macedonia: From the Outbreak of War to the Spring of 1917. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence I IWM and Battery Press 1996. London: HMSO. 1933. ISBN 0-89839-242-X.
- Falls, C. Military Operations Macedonia: From the Spring of 1917 to the End of the War. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence II IWM and Battery Press 1996. Nashville, TN: HMSO. 1935. ISBN 0-89839-243-8.
- Hall, R. Balkan Breakthrough: The Battle of Dobro Pole 1918. Bloomington, In: Indiana University Press. 2010. ISBN 0-253-35452-8.
- Palmer, A. The Gardeners of Salonika, The Macedonian Campaign 1915–1918. London: Andre Deutsch. 1965. ISBN 0-23395-748-0.
- Parker, C. Return to Salonika. London: Cassell. 1964. OCLC 450429.
- Wakefield, A.; Moody, S. Under the Devil's Eye: Britain's Forgotten Army at Salonika 1915–1918. London: History Press. 2004. ISBN 0-7509-3537-5.
外部連結 编辑
| 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：馬其頓戰役 |
- Balkanalysis.com review of the official British government history of the Macedonian Front campaign, Military Operations Macedonia: Parts 1 & 2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- The New Zealand Stationary (Military) Hospital at Salonika (chapter on) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- The New Zealand Stationary Hospital at Salonika (photo of))