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维基百科

风暴潮

行進 21, 2023

提示：此条目的主题不是海啸。

风暴潮或稱暴潮（英語：storm surge）是由熱帶氣旋、温带气旋、冷锋的强风作用和气压骤变等强烈的天气系统引起的海面异常上升现象，又称“风暴增水”、“风暴海啸”、“气象海啸”或“风潮”。风暴潮会使受到影响的海区的潮位大大地超过正常。如果风暴潮恰好与影响海区漲潮相重叠，就会使水位暴涨，海水湧进内陆，造成巨大破坏。如1845年7月11日：樹苓湖（象鼻湖）一帶（今雲林縣口湖鄉台子村南邊）發生大水，造成週邊聚落（下湖街、新港莊、箔仔寮、蚶仔寮、竹苗寮、蝦仔寮、竹達寮）重創，死亡人數官方保守估計達3千人之多。日後因此事件而發展出口湖牽水藏的習俗。1953年2月发生在荷兰沿岸的强大风暴潮，使水位高出正常潮位3米多。洪水冲毁了防护堤，淹没土地80万英亩，导致2000余人死亡。英国最严重的风暴潮发生在1953年，英格兰东海岸大部分地区遭受袭击，304人死亡。1970年11月12-13日发生在孟加拉湾沿岸地区的一次风暴潮，曾导致30餘万人死亡和100多万人无家可归。1962年，颱風溫黛在香港吐露港引發嚴重风暴潮。2013年，颱風海燕侵襲菲律賓禮智省獨魯萬市，導致1萬人以上死亡。

风暴潮（storm surge）

风暴潮不同于海啸、风浪（波涛）、长浪（涌浪）和異常巨浪。而海嘯是當地震發生於海底，因震波的動力而引起形成的強大波浪；风浪是风吹在当地水体上引起的波浪；长浪是远处的风，或已经过去的风所引起的波浪；異常巨浪是长浪的一種，然而它的成因目前還沒有確實定論。

參考資料

  • Siddiqui, Zubair A. Storm surge forecasting for the Arabian Sea (PDF). Marine Geodesy (Great Britain: Taylor & Francis). April 2009, 32 (2): 19. 
  • Anthes, Richard A. Tropical Cyclones; Their Evolution, Structure and Effects, Meteorological Monographs. American Meteorological Society (Ephrata, PA). 1982, 19 (41): 208. 
  • Cotton, W.R. Storms. Fort Collins, Colorado: *ASTeR Press. 1990: 158. ISBN 0-9625986-0-7. 
  • Dunn, Gordon E.; Banner I. Miller. Atlantic Hurricanes. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. 1964: 377. 
  • Finkl, C.W. Jnr. Disaster Mitigation in the South Atlantic Coastal Zone (SACZ): A Prodrome for Mapping Hazards and Coastal Land Systems Using the Example of Urban subtropical Southeastern Florida. In: Finkl, C.W., Jnr. (ed.), Coastal Hazards: Perception, Susceptibility and Mitigation.. Journal of Coastal Research (Charlottesville, Virginia: Coastal Education & Research Foundation). 1994, (Special Issue No. 12): 339–366. 
  • National Hurricane Center; Florida Department of Community Affairs, Division of Emergency Management. Lake Okeechobee Storm Surge Atlas for 17.5' & 21.5' Lake Elevations. Ft. Myers, Florida: Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council. 1995. 
  • Gornitz, V.; R.C. Daniels, T.W. White, and K.R. Birdwell. The development of a coastal risk assessment database: Vulnerability to sea level rise in the U.S. southeast. Journal of Coastal Research (Coastal Education & Research Foundation). 1994, (Special Issue No. 12): 327–338. 
  • Granthem, K. N. Wave Run-up on Sloping Structures. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union. 1953-10-01, 34 (5): 720–724. 
  • Harris, D.L. (PDF). Technical Paper No. 48 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Weather Bureau). 1963: 139. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-05-16）. 
  • Hebert, Paul J.; Taylor, Glenn. The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Hurricanes of This Century (and other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts) (PDF). NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC 31 (Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center). 1983: 33 [2012-09-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2021-05-18）. 
  • Hebert, P.J.; Jerrell, J., Mayfield, M. The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Hurricanes of This Century (and other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts). NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC 31 (Coral Gables, Fla., In: Tait, Lawrence, (Ed.) Hurricanes...Different Faces In Different Places, (proceedings) 17th Annual National Hurricane Conference, Atlantic City, N.J.). 1995: 10–50. 
  • Jarvinen, B.R.; Lawrence, M.B. An evaluation of the SLOSH storm-surge model. American Meteorological Society Bulletin. 1985, 66 (11): 1408–1411. 
  • Jelesnianski, Chester P. SPLASH (Special Program To List Amplitudes of Surges From Hurricanes) I. Landfall Storms. NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS TDL-46 (Silver Spring, Maryland: National Weather Service Systems Development Office). 1972: 56. 
  • Jelesnianski, Chester P.; Jye Chen, Wilson A. Shaffer. SLOSH: Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes. NOAA Technical Report NWS 48 (Silver Spring, Maryland: National Weather Service). 1992: 71. 
  • Lane, E.D. Environmental Geology Series, West Palm Beach Sheet; Map Series 101. Tallahassee, Florida: Florida Bureau of Geology. 1981: 1. 
  • Murty, T.S.; Flather, R.A. Impact of Storm Surges in the Bay of Bengal. In: Finkl, C.W., Jnr. (ed.), Coastal Hazards: Perception, Susceptibility and Mitigation. Journal of Coastal Research. 1994, (Special Issue No. 12): 149–161. 
  • Newman, C.J.; BR Jarvinen, CJ McAdie, JD Elms. Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1871-1992. Asheville, North Carolina and National Hurricane Center, Coral Gables, Florida: National Climatic Data Center in cooperation with the National Hurricane Center: 193. 1993. 
  • Sheets, Dr. Robert C. Stormy Weather, In: Tait, Lawrence, (Ed.) Hurricanes... Different Faces In Different Places, (Proceedings) 17th Annual National Hurricane Conference. Atlantic City, N.J.: 52–62. 1995. 
  • Simpson, R.H.; Arnold L. Sugg and Staff. The Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1969 (PDF). Monthly Weather Review (Boston, Massachusetts: American Meteorological Society). 1970-04-01, 98 (4) [2008-08-11]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2017-11-21）.  Summary page for article
  • Simpson, R.H. A Proposed Scale for Ranking Hurricanes by Intensity (Speech). Miami, Florida. 1971.  |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
  • Tannehill, I.R. Hurricanes. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1956: 308. 
  • United States National Weather Service. Hurricane!: A Familiarization Booklet. NOAA PA 91001: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service. 1993: 36. 
  • Will, Lawrence E. Okeechobee Hurricane; Killer Storms in the Everglades. Belle Glade, Florida: Glades Historical Society. 1978: 204. 


外部連結

  • European Space Agency storm Surge Project home pages （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  • from NIRAPAD disaster response organisation.
  • NOAA National Hurricane Center storm surge page （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  • "The 1953 English East Coast Floods" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  • DeltaWorks.Org （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） North Sea Flood of 1953, includes images, video and animations.
  • UK storm surge model outputs and real-time tide gauge information from the

行進 21, 2023
风暴潮, 提示, 此条目的主题不是海啸, 本條目存在以下問題, 請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法, 此條目已列出參考文獻, 但因為沒有文內引註而使來源仍然不明, 2015年3月28日, 请加上合适的文內引註来改善这篇条目, 此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充, 2020年9月30日, 若您熟悉来源语言和主题, 请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目, 请勿直接提交机械翻译, 也不要翻译不可靠, 低品质内容, 依版权协议, 译文需在编辑摘要注明来源, 或于讨论页顶部标记, href, template, tra. 提示 此条目的主题不是海啸 本條目存在以下問題 請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法 此條目已列出參考文獻 但因為沒有文內引註而使來源仍然不明 2015年3月28日 请加上合适的文內引註来改善这篇条目 此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充 2020年9月30日 若您熟悉来源语言和主题 请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目 请勿直接提交机械翻译 也不要翻译不可靠 低品质内容 依版权协议 译文需在编辑摘要注明来源 或于讨论页顶部标记 a href Template Translated page html title Template Translated page Translated page a 标签 风暴潮或稱暴潮 英語 storm surge 是由熱帶氣旋 温带气旋 冷锋的强风作用和气压骤变等强烈的天气系统引起的海面异常上升现象 又称 风暴增水 风暴海啸 气象海啸 或 风潮 风暴潮会使受到影响的海区的潮位大大地超过正常 如果风暴潮恰好与影响海区漲潮相重叠 就会使水位暴涨 海水湧进内陆 造成巨大破坏 如1845年7月11日 樹苓湖 象鼻湖 一帶 今雲林縣口湖鄉台子村南邊 發生大水 造成週邊聚落 下湖街 新港莊 箔仔寮 蚶仔寮 竹苗寮 蝦仔寮 竹達寮 重創 死亡人數官方保守估計達3千人之多 日後因此事件而發展出口湖牽水藏的習俗 1953年2月发生在荷兰沿岸的强大风暴潮 使水位高出正常潮位3米多 洪水冲毁了防护堤 淹没土地80万英亩 导致2000余人死亡 英国最严重的风暴潮发生在1953年 英格兰东海岸大部分地区遭受袭击 304人死亡 1970年11月12 13日发生在孟加拉湾沿岸地区的一次风暴潮 曾导致30餘万人死亡和100多万人无家可归 1962年 颱風溫黛在香港吐露港引發嚴重风暴潮 2013年 颱風海燕侵襲菲律賓禮智省獨魯萬市 導致1萬人以上死亡 风暴潮 storm surge 风暴潮不同于海啸 风浪 波涛 长浪 涌浪 和異常巨浪 而海嘯是當地震發生於海底 因震波的動力而引起形成的強大波浪 风浪是风吹在当地水体上引起的波浪 长浪是远处的风 或已经过去的风所引起的波浪 異常巨浪是长浪的一種 然而它的成因目前還沒有確實定論 參考資料 编辑Siddiqui Zubair A Storm surge forecasting for the Arabian Sea PDF Marine Geodesy Great Britain Taylor amp Francis April 2009 32 2 19 引文格式1维护 日期与年 link Anthes Richard A Tropical Cyclones Their Evolution Structure and Effects Meteorological Monographs American Meteorological Society Ephrata PA 1982 19 41 208 Cotton W R Storms Fort Collins Colorado ASTeR Press 1990 158 ISBN 0 9625986 0 7 Dunn Gordon E Banner I Miller Atlantic Hurricanes Baton Rouge LA Louisiana State University Press 1964 377 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Finkl C W Jnr Disaster Mitigation in the South Atlantic Coastal Zone SACZ A Prodrome for Mapping Hazards and Coastal Land Systems Using the Example of Urban subtropical Southeastern Florida In Finkl C W Jnr ed Coastal Hazards Perception Susceptibility and Mitigation Journal of Coastal Research Charlottesville Virginia Coastal Education amp Research Foundation 1994 Special Issue No 12 339 366 National Hurricane Center Florida Department of Community Affairs Division of Emergency Management Lake Okeechobee Storm Surge Atlas for 17 5 amp 21 5 Lake Elevations Ft Myers Florida Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council 1995 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Gornitz V R C Daniels T W White and K R Birdwell The development of a coastal risk assessment database Vulnerability to sea level rise in the U S southeast Journal of Coastal Research Coastal Education amp Research Foundation 1994 Special Issue No 12 327 338 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Granthem K N Wave Run up on Sloping Structures Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 1953 10 01 34 5 720 724 Harris D L Characteristics of the Hurricane Storm Surge PDF Technical Paper No 48 Washington D C U S Dept of Commerce Weather Bureau 1963 139 原始内容 PDF 存档于2013 05 16 Hebert Paul J Taylor Glenn The Deadliest Costliest and Most Intense United States Hurricanes of This Century and other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts PDF NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC 31 Miami Florida National Hurricane Center 1983 33 2012 09 07 原始内容存档 PDF 于2021 05 18 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Hebert P J Jerrell J Mayfield M The Deadliest Costliest and Most Intense United States Hurricanes of This Century and other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC 31 Coral Gables Fla In Tait Lawrence Ed Hurricanes Different Faces In Different Places proceedings 17th Annual National Hurricane Conference Atlantic City N J 1995 10 50 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Jarvinen B R Lawrence M B An evaluation of the SLOSH storm surge model American Meteorological Society Bulletin 1985 66 11 1408 1411 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Jelesnianski Chester P SPLASH Special Program To List Amplitudes of Surges From Hurricanes I Landfall Storms NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS TDL 46 Silver Spring Maryland National Weather Service Systems Development Office 1972 56 Jelesnianski Chester P Jye Chen Wilson A Shaffer SLOSH Sea Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes NOAA Technical Report NWS 48 Silver Spring Maryland National Weather Service 1992 71 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Lane E D Environmental Geology Series West Palm Beach Sheet Map Series 101 Tallahassee Florida Florida Bureau of Geology 1981 1 Murty T S Flather R A Impact of Storm Surges in the Bay of Bengal In Finkl C W Jnr ed Coastal Hazards Perception Susceptibility and Mitigation Journal of Coastal Research 1994 Special Issue No 12 149 161 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Newman C J BR Jarvinen CJ McAdie JD Elms Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1871 1992 Asheville North Carolina and National Hurricane Center Coral Gables Florida National Climatic Data Center in cooperation with the National Hurricane Center 193 1993 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Sheets Dr Robert C Stormy Weather In Tait Lawrence Ed Hurricanes Different Faces In Different Places Proceedings 17th Annual National Hurricane Conference Atlantic City N J 52 62 1995 Simpson R H Arnold L Sugg and Staff The Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1969 PDF Monthly Weather Review Boston Massachusetts American Meteorological Society 1970 04 01 98 4 2008 08 11 原始内容存档 PDF 于2017 11 21 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Summary page for article Simpson R H A Proposed Scale for Ranking Hurricanes by Intensity Speech Miami Florida 1971 journal 被忽略 帮助 Tannehill I R Hurricanes Princeton New Jersey Princeton University Press 1956 308 United States National Weather Service Hurricane A Familiarization Booklet NOAA PA 91001 U S Dept of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service 1993 36 Will Lawrence E Okeechobee Hurricane Killer Storms in the Everglades Belle Glade Florida Glades Historical Society 1978 204 外部連結 编辑European Space Agency storm Surge Project home pages 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Data on Bangladesh disasters from NIRAPAD disaster response organisation NOAA National Hurricane Center storm surge page 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 The 1953 English East Coast Floods 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 DeltaWorks Org 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 North Sea Flood of 1953 includes images video and animations UK storm surge model outputs and real time tide gauge information from the National Tidal and Sea Level Facility 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 风暴潮 amp oldid 74460339, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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