^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Semitic. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
^Kitto, John. A Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature. London: W. Clowes and Sons. 1845: 192. That important family of languages, of which the Arabic is the most cultivated and most widely-extended branch, has long wanted an appropriate common name. The term Oriental languages, which was exclusively applied to it from the time of Jerome down to the end of the last century, and which is even now not entirely abandoned, must always have been an unscientific one, inasmuch as the countries in which these languages prevailed are only the east in respect to Europe; and when Sanskrit, Chinese, and other idioms of the remoter East were brought within the reach of our research, it became palpably incorrect. Under a sense of this impropriety, Eichhorn（英语：Johann Gottfried Eichhorn） was the first, as he says himself (Allg. Bibl. Biblioth. vi. 772), to introduce the name Semitic languages, which was soon generally adopted, and which is the most usual one at the present day. [...] In modern times, however, the very appropriate designation Syro-Arabian languages has been proposed by Dr. Prichard（英语：James Cowles Prichard）, in his Physical History of Man. This term, [...] has the advantage of forming an exact counterpart to the name by which the only other great family of languages with which we are likely to bring the Syro-Arabian into relations of contrast or accordance, is now universally known—the Indo-Germanic. Like it, by taking up only the two extreme members of a whole sisterhood according to their geographical position when in their native seats, it embraces all the intermediate branches under a common band; and, like it, it constitutes a name which is not only at once intelligible, but one which in itself conveys a notion of that affinity between the sister dialects, which it is one of the objects of comparative philology to demonstrate and to apply.
^Bennett, Patrick R. Comparative Semitic Linguistics: A Manual. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. 1998.
^Hetzron, Robert. The Semitic Languages. London/New York: Routledge. 1997.
^Baasten, Martin. A Note on the History of 'Semitic'. Hamlet on a Hill: Semitic and Greek Studies Presented to Professor T. Muraoka on the Occasion of His Sixty-fifth Birthday. Peeters Publishers. 2003: 57–73 [2018-07-26]. ISBN 9789042912151. （原始内容于2019-12-07）.
^Jonathan, Owens. The Oxford Handbook of Arabic Linguistics. Oxford University Press. 2013: 2 [18 February 2014]. ISBN 0199344094. （原始内容于2019-06-01）.
闪米特语族, 閃米特語族, 譯作閃語族, 塞姆語族或閃米特語族, 舊稱叙利亚, 阿拉伯语族, 是亚非语系之下的語族之一, 起源于中东地区, 其下属语言约有3, 3亿人作为母语, 分布于西亚, 北非和非洲之角, 也有亚非语系侨民生活于欧洲和北美, 或高加索和中亚, 叙利亚, 阿拉伯语族地理分佈西亚, 北非, 非洲之角, 马耳他谱系学分类亚非语系原始語言原始闪米特语分支东闪米特语支, 西闪米特语支语言代码iso, 5sem, glottologsemi1276, 闪米特语言的大致历史分布由哥廷根历史学校的成员于18世纪. 閃米特語族 譯作閃語族 塞姆語族或閃米特語族 舊稱叙利亚 阿拉伯语族 2 是亚非语系之下的語族之一 起源于中东地区 3 4 其下属语言约有3 3亿人作为母语 分布于西亚 北非和非洲之角 也有亚非语系侨民生活于欧洲和北美 或高加索和中亚 闪米特语族叙利亚 阿拉伯语族地理分佈西亚 北非 非洲之角 马耳他谱系学分类亚非语系闪米特语族原始語言原始闪米特语分支东闪米特语支 西闪米特语支语言代码ISO 639 2 5sem Glottologsemi1276 1 闪米特语言的大致历史分布闪米特语族由哥廷根历史学校的成员于18世纪命名 闪米特 一词来源于希伯来圣经创世记 是诺亚的三个儿子之一 相传是希伯来人和亚述人的祖先 5 現代所使用的其分支語言有阿拉伯語 6 希伯來語 7 阿拉姆语 8 9 10 阿姆哈拉語 11 提格里尼亚语 12 提格雷语和马耳他语 13 等 闪米特语族中使用人数最多的语言是现代标准阿拉伯语 而如果包括所有阿拉伯语变体的母语人口在内 阿拉伯语共有3 1亿人作为母语 广泛分布在西亚 北非和东非地区 14 闪米特语族下属语言在词法学上有一个被称为 不连续形态 的显著特征 即词汇的词根并不是独立的音节或单词 而是多个互相分离的辅音 通常为三个 借由相应的元音将分离的辅音词根联系起来而组成新词 例如 阿拉伯语中的k t b是与 写 相关的词根形式 用这个词根组成的词汇有كتاب kitab 书的单数 كتب kutub 书的复数 كاتب katib 作家的单数 和كت اب kuttab 作家的复数 等 分支 编辑东闪米特语支 阿卡德语 古代语言 已消亡 akk 埃卜拉语 古代语言 已消亡 xeb 中闪米特语支 阿拉姆语 古阿拉姆语 oar 阿拉姆语 arc Armazic xrm 东部 中部 东北部 Assyrian Neo Aramaic aii Lishanid Noshan aij Bohtan Neo Aramaic bhn Barzani Jewish Neo Aramaic bjf Chaldean Neo Aramaic cld Hertevin hrt Hulaula huy Koy Sanjaq Surat kqd Lishana Deni lsd Senaya syn Jewish Babylonian Aramaic tmr Lishan Didan trg 西北部 Mlahso lhs 图罗尤语 tru 曼达语 曼达语 mid 古典曼达语 myz 古典叙利亚语 syc 西部 Jewish Palestinian Aramaic jpa 西部现代亚拉姆语 amw 萨马利亚阿拉姆语 sam 南部 阿拉伯语 ara 古代北阿拉比亚语 xna 安达卢西亚阿拉伯语 在西班牙 Andalusian Arabic xaa 阿尔及利亚撒哈拉口语 aao 塔吉克口语 abh Arabic Baharna Spoken abv 美索不达米亚口语 acm Arabic Ta izzi Adeni Spoken acq 希贾兹口语Arabic Hijazi Spoken acw 阿曼口语Arabic Omani Spoken acx 塞浦路斯口语Arabic Cypriot Spoken acy Arabic Dhofari Spoken adf 突尼斯口语 aeb Arabic Sa idi Spoken aec 波斯湾口语 afb 南黎凡特口语 ajp 犹太 突尼斯口语Arabic Judeo Tunisian ajt 犹太 摩洛哥口语Arabic Judeo Moroccan aju 北黎凡特口语 apc 苏丹口语 apd 标准阿拉伯语 arb 阿尔及利亚口语 arq 纳季德口语 ars 摩洛哥口语 ary 埃及口语 arz 乌兹别克口语 auz Arabic Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Spoken avl Arabic Hadrami Spoken ayh 利比亚口语 ayl 萨那口语 ayn 北美索不达米亚口语 ayp 犹太 也门口语Arabic Judeo Yemeni jye Hassaniyya mey 马耳他语 mlt 乍得口语Arabic Chadian Spoken shu Arabic Shihhi Spoken ssh 犹太 伊拉克口语Arabic Judeo Iraqi yhd Arabic Judeo Tripolitanian yud 迦南语言 亚扪语 Ammonite 古代语言 aoq 参看The Linguist List 埃多姆语 古代语言 xdm 古希伯来语 hbo 摩押语 古代语言 obm 腓尼基语 古代语言 phn 布匿语 古代语言 xpu 撒马利亚语 已消亡 smp 烏加里特語 古代语言 uga 希伯来语 heb 未分類 底雅亚拉语 Deir Alla 古代语言 xdr 参看The Linguist List 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 南闪米特语支 埃塞俄比亚语言 北部 吉兹语 gez 提格雷语 tig 提格里尼亚语 提格利尼亚语 tir 南部 外部 Outer n Group Gafat gft Kistane gru tt Group Inor ior Mesqan mvz Mesmes mys Sebat Bet Gurage sgw 横断线 Transversal Amharic Argobba Argobba agj 阿姆哈拉语 amh 哈勒尔 东部古拉格 Harari East Gurage 哈勒尔语 har Silt e stv Wolane wle Zay zwa 南阿拉伯语言 Bathari bhm 哈德拉米语 Hadrami 已消亡 xhd Harami 已消亡 xha Mehri gdq Hobyot hoh Harsusi hss 密尼安语 Minaean 已消亡 inm Qatabanian 已消亡 xqt 塞巴语 Sabaean 已消亡 xsa Shehri shv 索科特拉语 Soqotri sqt 参考文献 编辑 Hammarstrom Harald Forkel Robert Haspelmath Martin Bank Sebastian 编 Semitic Glottolog 2 7 Jena Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History 2016 Kitto John A Cyclopaedia of Biblical Literature London W Clowes and Sons 1845 192 That important family of languages of which the Arabic is the most cultivated and most widely extended branch has long wanted an appropriate common name The term Oriental languages which was exclusively applied to it from the time of Jerome down to the end of the last century and which is even now not entirely abandoned must always have been an unscientific one inasmuch as the countries in which these languages prevailed are only the east in respect to Europe and when Sanskrit Chinese and other idioms of the remoter East were brought within the reach of our research it became palpably incorrect Under a sense of this impropriety Eichhorn 英语 Johann Gottfried Eichhorn was the first as he says himself Allg Bibl Biblioth vi 772 to introduce the name Semitic languages which was soon generally adopted and which is the most usual one at the present day In modern times however the very appropriate designation Syro Arabian languages has been proposed by Dr Prichard 英语 James Cowles Prichard in his Physical History of Man This term has the advantage of forming an exact counterpart to the name by which the only other great family of languages with which we are likely to bring the Syro Arabian into relations of contrast or accordance is now universally known the Indo Germanic Like it by taking up only the two extreme members of a whole sisterhood according to their geographical position when in their native seats it embraces all the intermediate branches under a common band and like it it constitutes a name which is not only at once intelligible but one which in itself conveys a notion of that affinity between the sister dialects which it is one of the objects of comparative philology to demonstrate and to apply Bennett Patrick R Comparative Semitic Linguistics A Manual Winona Lake Indiana Eisenbrauns 1998 Hetzron Robert The Semitic Languages London New York Routledge 1997 Baasten Martin A Note on the History of Semitic Hamlet on a Hill Semitic and Greek Studies Presented to Professor T Muraoka on the Occasion of His Sixty fifth Birthday Peeters Publishers 2003 57 73 2018 07 26 ISBN 9789042912151 原始内容存档于2019 12 07 Jonathan Owens The Oxford Handbook of Arabic Linguistics Oxford University Press 2013 2 18 February 2014 ISBN 0199344094 原始内容存档于2019 06 01 Modern Hebrew于 民族语 的链接 第18版 2015年 Jump up to a b Assyrian Neo Aramaic at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 Chaldean Neo Aramaic at Ethnologue 14th ed 2000 Turoyo at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 Amharic于 民族语 的链接 第18版 2015年 Tigrinya于 民族语 的链接 第18版 2015年 Ethnologue Entry for Maltese 21st ed 2018 2018 07 26 原始内容存档于2021 01 26 Arabic ethnologue com 14 April 2018 原始内容存档于2016 01 05 外部連結 编辑http www ethnologue com show family asp subid 89998 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 闪米特语族 amp oldid 70508936, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
