维基百科
資訊經濟學
資訊經濟學（英語：Information economics），微观经济学中的分支。由美國經濟學家喬治·斯蒂格勒在1961年率先提出，他個人認為：產品資訊的內容會對經濟活動及消費者購買決策產生某部份的影響。
我們以最基本的產品價格資訊來看，市場上各家零售商對產品的價格不一，所以消費者為了追求最便宜的價格，會逐一比較各家的價格，以得出一個最低價格，而這個比價的動作我們稱為「搜尋」。消費者搜尋時，勢必會額外付出較多的時間及精力，因此消費者不會無限制的搜尋，而是到消費成本超過所預期獲得的利益（指最低價格的價差）時就會停止下來。當然消費者在進行搜尋的動作時，會付出額外的時間、精力及金錢，當消費者搜尋到一個程度時，我們稱為「邊際成本＝期望邊際效益」，這時消費者就不再繼續搜尋。搜尋過程的成本支出，對應所得到的資訊，檢測是否符合降低採購風險，提升採購的正確性，這就叫做「效益」，而邊際成本＝期望邊際效益則就是成本效益的損益平衡點。
參見 编辑
參考文獻 编辑
- Akerlof, George (1970). The Market for 'Lemons': Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), pp. 488-500.
- Birchler, Urs, and Monika Bütler (2007). Information Economics. London, Routledge. ISBN 978-0415373463. Description （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） and chapter-arrow-page links, pp. vii （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）-xi. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Lippman, S. S., and J. J. McCall (2001). "Information, Economics of," International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, pp. 7480-7486.
- Maasoumi, Esfandiar (1987). "Information theory," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 2, pp. 846-51.
- Mas-Colell, Andreu; Michael D. Whinston, and Jerry R. Green (1995), Microeconomic Theory. Oxford University Press. Chapters 13 and 14 discuss applications of adverse selection and moral hazard models to contract theory.
- The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (2008). 2nd Edition, selected entries:
- Bubbles" by Markus K. Brunnermeier Abstract. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- "Epistemic game theory: incomplete information" by Aviad Heifetz. Abstract. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- "Information aggregation and prices" by James Jordan. Abstract. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- "Information cascades," by , Sushil Bikhchandani, David Hirshleifer and Ivo Welch. Abstract. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- "Information sharing among firms" by Xavier Vives.Abstract. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- "Information technology and the world economy" by Dale W. Jorgenson and Khuong Vu. Abstract. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- "Insider trading." by Andrew Metrick. Abstract. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- "Learning and information aggregation in networks" by Douglas Gale and Shachar Kariv. Abstract. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- "Monetary business cycles (imperfect information)" by Christian Hellwig. Abstract. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- "Social networks in labour markets" by Antoni Calvó-Armengol and Yannis M. Ioannides. Abstract. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- "Prediction markets" by Justin Wolfers and Eric Zitzewitz.Abstract. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Pissarides, C. A. (2001). "Search, Economics of," International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, pp. 13760-13768.
- Shapiro, Carl, and Hal R. Varian (1999). Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy. Harvard University Press. (publisher's excerpts)
- Spence, Michael A. (1973). "Job Market Signaling," Quarterly Journal of Economics 83(3) , pp. 355-377.
- Stigler, George J. (1961). “The Economics of Information,” Journal of Political Economy, 69(3), pp. 213-225.
- Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2000). "The Contributions of the Economics of Information to Twentieth Century Economics," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(4) , pp. 1441-1478.
- Theil, Henri (1967). Econonomics and Information Theory. Amsterdam, North Holland.