Anderson, Bridget. 2002. Dialect leveling and /ai/ monophthongization among African American Detroiters. Journal of Sociolinguistics 6(1). 86-98.
Bloomfield, L. 1933. Language. New York: H. Holt and Company.
Britain, David. 1997. Dialect Contact and Phonological Reallocation: "Canadian Raising" in the English Fens. Language in Society 26(1). 15-46.
Chambers, J. K., & Trudgill, P. 1980. Dialectology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Cheshire, Jenny; Ann Gillett; Paul Kerswill and Ann Williams. 1999. The role of adolescents in dialect levelling: Final report submitted to the Economic and Social Research Council.[3]
Fitzmaurice, Susan M. 2000. The Great Leveler: The Role of the Spoken Media in Stylistic Shift From the Colloquial to the Conventional. American Speech 75(1). 54-68.
Gibson, Maik. Dialect Levelling in Tunisian Arabic: Towards a New Spoken Standard. Language Contact and Language Conflict in Arabic, Aleya Rouchdy. Routledge, 2003.
Hinskens, Frans. (ed.) 1996. Dialect levelling in Limburg: Structural and sociolinguistic aspects. Linguistische Arbeiten.
Hsu, Hui-ju and John Kwock-ping Tse. The Tonal Leveling of Taiwan Mandarin: A Study in Taipei. Concentric: Studies in Linguistics 35, no. 2 (2009): 225-244.
Kerswill, Paul. 2001. Mobility, meritocracy and dialect levelling: the fading (and phasing) out of Received Pronunciation. "British studies in the new millennium: the challenge of the grassroots". University of Tartu, Tartu.[4]
Kristensen, Kjeld and Mats Thelander. 1984. On dialect levelling in Denmark and Sweden. Folia Linguistica 28(1/2). 223-246.
Lefebvre, C. 1998. Creole genesis and the acquisition of grammar: The case of Haitian creole. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Lefebvre, Claire. 2004. The relexification account of creole genesis: The case of Haitian Creole. Issues in the Study of Pidgin and Creole Languages, Lefebvre, Claire (ed.) Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins. pp. 59-180[5]
Miller, Michael I. 1987. Three Changing Verbs: Bite, Ride and Shrink. Journal of English Linguistics 20(1). 3-12.
Schøning, Signe Wedel and Inge Lise Pedersen. 2009. Vinderup in Real Time: A Showcase of Dialect Levelling. ed. by Dufresne, Monique, Fernande Dupuis and Etleva Vocaj. 233-244.
Siegel, J. 1985. Koines and koineization. Language in Society 14/3, 357-78.
Siegel, Jeff. 1997. Mixing, Levelling and pidgin/creole development. In A. Spears and D. Winford (eds.), The structure and status of pidgins and creoles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 111-49.
Trudgill, Peter, Elizabeth Gordon, Gillian Lewis and Margaret MacLagan. 2000. Determinism in new-dialect formation and the genesis of New Zealand English. Journal of Linguistics 36 (2). 299-318. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Twaddell, William. F. 1959. Standard German: Urbanization and Standard Language: A Symposium Presented at the 1958 Meetings of the American Anthropological Association. Anthropological Linguistics 1(3). 1-7.
Wrong, Margaret. 1942. Ibo Dialects and the Development of a Common Language. Journal of the Royal African Society 41(163). 139-141.
註釋
^Penny, Ralph. Gramática histórica del español. Barcelona: Ariel. 1993: 352. ISBN 978-84-344-8265-4.
^Penny, Ralph. Variación y cambio en español. Madrid: Gredos. 2000: 80–82. ISBN 84-249-2730-3.
^The role of adolescents in dialect levelling (PDF). Lancs.ac.uk. [2015-07-14].
^Mobility, meritocracy and dialect levelling: the fading (and phasing) out of Received Pronunciation (PDF). Lancs.ac.uk. [2015-07-14]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2010-03-31）.
^Chapter 3 : The relxification account of creole genesis : The case of Haitian Creole (PDF). Archipel.uqam.ca. [2015-07-14]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2015-07-15）.
一月 30, 2023
语言均一化, 此條目需要編修, 以確保文法, 用詞, 语气, 格式, 標點等使用恰当, 2016年11月8日, 請按照校對指引, 幫助编辑這個條目, 幫助, 討論, 此條目没有前往其他条目的內部链接, 未能構築百科全书的链接网络, 2016年11月8日, 請加上與內容有關的內部链接并适当维基化以改進此條目, 英语, dialect, leveling, 西班牙语, nivelación, lingüística, 指某地区某语系的各种方言间變得相似或均一的过程, 通常由某种方言明显的淘汰促成, 來源請求, 从而使该. 此條目需要編修 以確保文法 用詞 语气 格式 標點等使用恰当 2016年11月8日 請按照校對指引 幫助编辑這個條目 幫助 討論 此條目没有前往其他条目的內部链接 未能構築百科全书的链接网络 2016年11月8日 請加上與內容有關的內部链接并适当维基化以改進此條目 语言均一化 英语 dialect leveling 西班牙语 nivelacion linguistica 指某地区某语系的各种方言间變得相似或均一的过程 通常由某种方言明显的淘汰促成 來源請求 从而使该地区各语言间更易理解并更整齐划一 目录 1 基本概念 2 具体案例 3 參考文獻 4 註釋基本概念 编辑从一方面看 在这过程中 可能导致理解上问题的不同语言表达形式得到简化 其变体也减少 这变化是渐进的 在其彻底完成之前 社会环境各变体共存 从另一方面看 均一化同时还指具体单词的语法形态变化 旨在使各种形态趋于规则 1 具体案例 编辑1561年确认马德里为西班牙首都后 全国各地的移民涌入 主要来自北部 并且均有其方言 马德里人和来自南部的移民在清齿擦音和浊齿擦音间产生分歧 而来自北部 巴斯克以及加利西亚地区 的移民已弃用浊咝音 这两种发音使语言變得均一 从音韵学角度出发 这两种发音难以分辨而且只有少部分人使用 过程完成后 三个浊咝音弃用 2 清音 浊音硬齶擦音 ʃ caxa ʒ muger齿龈擦音 s passo z casa齿擦音 8 caca d dezir參考文獻 编辑Anderson Bridget 2002 Dialect leveling and ai monophthongization among African American Detroiters Journal of Sociolinguistics 6 1 86 98 Bloomfield L 1933 Language New York H Holt and Company Britain David 1997 Dialect Contact and Phonological Reallocation Canadian Raising in the English Fens Language in Society 26 1 15 46 Chambers J K amp Trudgill P 1980 Dialectology Cambridge England Cambridge University Press Cheshire Jenny Ann Gillett Paul Kerswill and Ann Williams 1999 The role of adolescents in dialect levelling Final report submitted to the Economic and Social Research Council 3 Fitzmaurice Susan M 2000 The Great Leveler The Role of the Spoken Media in Stylistic Shift From the Colloquial to the Conventional American Speech 75 1 54 68 Gibson Maik Dialect Levelling in Tunisian Arabic Towards a New Spoken Standard Language Contact and Language Conflict in Arabic Aleya Rouchdy Routledge 2003 Hinskens Frans 1998 Dialect Levelling A Two dimensional Process Folia Linguistica 32 1 2 35 52 Hinskens Frans ed 1996 Dialect levelling in Limburg Structural and sociolinguistic aspects Linguistische Arbeiten Hsu Hui ju and John Kwock ping Tse The Tonal Leveling of Taiwan Mandarin A Study in Taipei Concentric Studies in Linguistics 35 no 2 2009 225 244 Kerswill Paul 2001 Mobility meritocracy and dialect levelling the fading and phasing out of Received Pronunciation British studies in the new millennium the challenge of the grassroots University of Tartu Tartu 4 Kristensen Kjeld and Mats Thelander 1984 On dialect levelling in Denmark and Sweden Folia Linguistica 28 1 2 223 246 Lefebvre C 1998 Creole genesis and the acquisition of grammar The case of Haitian creole Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press Lefebvre Claire 2004 The relexification account of creole genesis The case of Haitian Creole Issues in the Study of Pidgin and Creole Languages Lefebvre Claire ed Amsterdam Philadelphia John Benjamins pp 59 180 5 Miller Michael I 1987 Three Changing Verbs Bite Ride and Shrink Journal of English Linguistics 20 1 3 12 Schoning Signe Wedel and Inge Lise Pedersen 2009 Vinderup in Real Time A Showcase of Dialect Levelling ed by Dufresne Monique Fernande Dupuis and Etleva Vocaj 233 244 Siegel J 1985 Koines and koineization Language in Society 14 3 357 78 Siegel Jeff 1997 Mixing Levelling and pidgin creole development In A Spears and D Winford eds The structure and status of pidgins and creoles Amsterdam John Benjamins 111 49 Trudgill Peter Elizabeth Gordon Gillian Lewis and Margaret MacLagan 2000 Determinism in new dialect formation and the genesis of New Zealand English Journal of Linguistics 36 2 299 318 Cambridge Cambridge University Press Twaddell William F 1959 Standard German Urbanization and Standard Language A Symposium Presented at the 1958 Meetings of the American Anthropological Association Anthropological Linguistics 1 3 1 7 Wrong Margaret 1942 Ibo Dialects and the Development of a Common Language Journal of the Royal African Society 41 163 139 141 註釋 编辑 Penny Ralph Gramatica historica del espanol Barcelona Ariel 1993 352 ISBN 978 84 344 8265 4 Penny Ralph Variacion y cambio en espanol Madrid Gredos 2000 80 82 ISBN 84 249 2730 3 The role of adolescents in dialect levelling PDF Lancs ac uk 2015 07 14 Mobility meritocracy and dialect levelling the fading and phasing out of Received Pronunciation PDF Lancs ac uk 2015 07 14 原始内容存档 PDF 于2010 03 31 Chapter 3 The relxification account of creole genesis The case of Haitian Creole PDF Archipel uqam ca 2015 07 14 原始内容存档 PDF 于2015 07 15 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 语言均一化 amp oldid 75741480, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
