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語調, 此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充, 若您熟悉来源语言和主题, 请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目, 请勿直接提交机械翻译, 也不要翻译不可靠, 低品质内容, 依版权协议, 译文需在编辑摘要注明来源, 或于讨论页顶部标记, href, template, translated, page, html, title, template, translated, page, translated, page, 标签, 提示, 此条目的主题不是口音, 语调, 英語, intonation, 音高, 又稱語氣, 口. 此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充 若您熟悉来源语言和主题 请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目 请勿直接提交机械翻译 也不要翻译不可靠 低品质内容 依版权协议 译文需在编辑摘要注明来源 或于讨论页顶部标记 a href Template Translated page html title Template Translated page Translated page a 标签 提示 此条目的主题不是口音 语调 英語 intonation 音高 又稱語氣 口氣 是指说话者交談發聲的音調 即说话者依據個人心情 态度 個性 讓声调的高低轻重音調 再附加上發聲的高低轻重音調 前者是文法上的音調 後者是心情上的音調 语调升阶语调降阶 IPA編號510 511編碼HTML碼 十進制 amp 8599 amp 8600 Unicode碼 十六進制 U 2197 U 2198示例 编辑例如在汉语中 接到对方的電話 然後回應 喂 你是谁 这样一句话 套上不同的语调 則会給人有不同的感受 說話者的语气平缓 表示心情较为平和或较为克制 說話者的语气高降调 重音明顯 表示心情不好或性格较为急躁 參考文獻 编辑Intonaciya Russkaya grammatika I 科學出版社 英语 Nauka publisher 1980 俄语 俄文 Bolinger D 1951 Intonation levels versus configurations Word 7 199 200 Brazil 1975 Discourse Intonation University of Birmingham English Language Research Brazil Coultheart and Johns 1980 Discourse Intonation and Language Teaching Longman Celce Murcia M D Brinton and J Goodwin 1996 Teaching Pronunciation Cambridge University Press Cooper Kuhlen Elizabeth Introduction to English Prosody 1986 Edward Arnold Cruttenden A 1997 Intonation Second Edition Cambridge University Press Crystal D 1969 Prosodic Systems and Intonation in English Cambridge University Press Crystal D 1975 Prosodic features and linguistic theory in The English Tone of Voice Edward Arnold Crystal D and R Quirk 1964 Systems of Prosodic and Paralinguistic Features in English Mouton Gussenhoven C 2004 The Phonology of Tone and Intonation Cambridge University Press Halliday M A K 1967 Intonation and Grammar in British English Mouton Halliday M A K and Greaves W S Intonation in the Grammar of English London Equinox 2008 Hirst D J amp Di Cristo A eds 1998 Intonation Systems A survey of Twenty Languages Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521395135 Hardback ISBN 0 521 39550 X Paperback Jones Daniel 1964 An Outline of English Phonetics Heffer Ladd D Robert 2009 Intonational Phonology 2nd Edition Cambridge University Press Lee W R 1958 English Intonation A New Approach North Holland Lian A P Intonation Patterns of French River Seine Publications Melbourne 1980 http www andrewlian com andrewlian prowww ipf teacher ipf teacher pdf 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Liu F Patel AD Fourcin A Stewart L 2010 Intonation processing in congenital amusia discrimination identification and imitation Brain 133 Pt 6 1682 93 doi 10 1093 brain awq089 PMID 20418275 Michaud A and J Vaissiere 2015 Tone and intonation introductory notes and practical recommendations KALIPHO Kieler Arbeiten zur Linguistik und Phonetik 3 43 80 https halshs archives ouvertes fr halshs 01091477v3 document 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 O Connor J D and G F Arnold 1961 1973 The Intonation of Colloquial English Longman Palmer H E 1922 English Intonation with Systematic Exercises Heffer Pierrehumbert Janet B 1980 The Phonology and Phonetics of English Intonation Ph D Thesis Massachusetts Institute of Technology published by Indiana Linguistics Club 1987 Pike K L 1945 The Intonation of American English University of Michigan Press Roach Peter 2009 English Phonetics and Phonology Fourth Edition Cambridge University Press Schack Katrina Comparison of intonation patterns in Mandarin and English for a particular speaker University of Rochester Working Papers in the Language Sciences Spring 2000 no 1 p 29 https web archive org web 20080821131034 http www bcs rochester edu cls s2000n1 schack pdf Shen Xiao nan Susan The Prosody of Mandarin Chinese Vol 118 of University of California Publications in Linguistics Berkeley University of California Press 1990 p 95 Trager G and H Smith 1951 An Outline of English Structure American Council of Learned Societies Trager G 1964 The intonation system of American English in Abercrombie D et al In Honour of Daniel Jones Longman Wells J C 2006 English Intonation An Introduction Cambridge University Press 外部連接 编辑ToBI Ohio State University Department of Linguistics 这是一篇小作品 你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容 查论编 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 語調 amp oldid 74114177, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
