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维基百科

粉砂岩

一月 01, 1970

粉砂岩（英語：Siltstone）又稱aleurolite[1]，是一種碎屑沉積岩，主要由粉砂組成。與頁岩不同在於缺乏片狀裂理。 粉砂岩滲透率和孔隙率相對較低，但可形成天然氣緻密儲層岩石 [2][3]。 開采需要水力壓裂[4]。粉砂岩在古埃及用於製造雕像和化妝品調色板。 在 Wadi Hammamat 開采的粉砂岩最有名。是一種堅硬、細粒的粉砂岩，抗剝落[5]。

粉砂岩
沉積岩
粉砂岩

描述 编辑

Holtzclaw 粉砂岩, 地點：Louisville, Kentucky

粉砂被定義為直徑為 2–62 μm 的顆粒，或在 Krumbein phi (φ) 尺度上為 4 至 8 的顆粒[6]。 粉砂岩是任何含有 50% 或更多粉砂大小顆粒的沉積岩[7]。 粉砂岩與砂岩不同，因為它們的孔隙更小，並且含粘土量大。雖然經常被誤認為是頁岩，但粉砂岩缺乏頁岩典型的片狀裂理。 粉砂岩可能含有結核 [8][9]. 且其風化面與層理無關。

來源 编辑

粉砂岩是一種不尋常的岩石，其中大部分粉砂顆粒由石英製成[10]。 石英粉砂的起源一直是很多研究和爭論的話題[11][12]。一些石英粉砂可能起源於細粒葉頁狀變質岩，而許多海相粉砂可能是生物成因[13][14]. 但大多數石英沉積物來自石英的花崗岩[15]. 花崗岩顆粒很大需要高能量地質作用粉碎這些顆粒[16]。 例如冰川磨蝕[17][18]. 在寒冷、構造活躍的山脈中風化；正常風化，特別是在熱帶地區[19][20]. 以及在炎熱的沙漠環境中由鹽形成[21]. 粉砂岩形成於相對安靜的沉積環境中，細顆粒可以從傳輸介質（空氣或水）中沉澱出來並在地表堆積[22]。 在濁積岩序列[23]， [[三角洲<]]ref name=”Line”>Lineback, Jerry Alvin. "Deep-water sediments adjacent to the Borden Siltstone (Mississippian) delta in southern Illinois." Circular no. 401 (1966) </ref>，冰川沉積物[24] 和微地槽環境中都存在[25]。

參考文獻 编辑

  1. ^ Gyöngyi Farkas Characterization of subterranean bacteria in the Hungarian Upper Permian Siltstone (Aleurolite) Formation Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46(6):559-64
  2. ^ Clarkson, Christopher R.; Jensen, Jerry L.; Pedersen, Per Kent; Freeman, Melissa (February 2012). "Innovative methods for flow-unit and pore-structure analyses in a tight siltstone and shale gas reservoir". AAPG Bulletin. 96 (2): 355–374.
  3. ^ Cao, Zhe; Liu, Guangdi; Zhan, Hongbin; Gao, Jin; Zhang, Jingya; Li, Chaozheng; Xiang, Baoli (May 2017). "Geological roles of the siltstones in tight oil play". Marine and Petroleum Geology. 83: 333–344. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.02.020.
  4. ^ Ben E. Law and Charles W. Spencer, 1993, "Gas in tight reservoirs-an emerging major source of energy," in David G. Howell (ed.), The Future of Energy Gasses, US Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1570, p.233-252
  5. ^ Shaw, Ian (2004). Ancient Egypt : a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 44–45. ISBN 0192854194. Retrieved 2 October 2020
  6. ^ Folk, R.L. (1980). Petrology of sedimentary rocks (2nd ed.). Austin: Hemphill's Bookstore. p. 145. ISBN 0-914696-14-9. Archived from the original on 2006-02-14. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  7. ^ Picard, M. Dane (1971). "Classification of Fine-grained Sedimentary Rocks". SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research. 41. doi:10.1306/74D7221B-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D.
  8. ^ Melezhik, Victor A.; Fallick, Anthony E.; Smith, Richard A.; Rosse, Danta M. (December 2007). "Spherical and columnar, septarian, 18 O-depleted, calcite concretions from Middle–Upper Permian lacustrine siltstones in northern Mozambique: evidence for very early diagenesis and multiple fluids". Sedimentology. 54 (6): 1389–1416. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2007.00886.x.
  9. ^ Middleton, Heather A.; Nelson, Campbell S. (May 1996). "Origin and timing of siderite and calcite concretions in late Palaeogene non- to marginal-marine facies of the Te Kuiti Group, New Zealand". Sedimentary Geology. 103 (1–2): 93–115. doi:10.1016/0037-0738(95)00092-5
  10. ^ Nahon, D.; Trompette, R. (February 1982). "Origin of siltstones: glacial grinding versus weathering". Sedimentology. 29 (1): 25–35. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1982.tb01706.x.
  11. ^ Nemecz, Ernö; Pécsi, Márton; Hartyáni, Zsuzsa; Horváth, Timea (June 2000). "The origin of the silt size quartz grains and minerals in loess". Quaternary International. 68–71: 199–208. doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00044-6
  12. ^ Smalley, Ian (January 1990). "Possible formation mechanisms for the modal coarse-silt quartz particles in loess deposits". Quaternary International. 7–8: 23–27. doi:10.1016/1040-6182(90)90035-3.
  13. ^ Leeder, M. R. (2011). Sedimentology and sedimentary basins : from turbulence to tectonics (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405177832
  14. ^ Schieber, Jürgen; Krinsley, Dave; Riciputi, Lee (August 2000). "Diagenetic origin of quartz silt in mudstones and implications for silica cycling". Nature. 406 (6799): 981–985. doi:10.1038/35023143. PMID 10984049. S2CID 4417951
  15. ^ Potter, Paul Edwin; Maynard, James; Pryor, Wayne A. (1980). Sedimentology of shale : study guide and reference source. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0387904301
  16. ^ Assallay, A (November 1998). "Silt: 2–62 μm, 9–4φ". Earth-Science Reviews. 45 (1–2): 61–88. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(98)00035-X.
  17. ^ Kuenen, P. H. (1 December 1969). "Origin of quartz silt". Journal of Sedimentary Research. 39 (4): 1631–1633. doi:10.1306/74D71ED3-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D
  18. ^ Riezebos, P.A.; Van der Waals, L. (December 1974). "Silt-sized quartz particles: a proposed source". Sedimentary Geology. 12 (4): 279–285. doi:10.1016/0037-0738(74)90022-0
  19. ^ Iriondo, Martı́n (December 1999). "The origin of silt particles in the loess question". Quaternary International. 62 (1): 3–9. doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(99)00018-X.
  20. ^ Pye, Kenneth (April 1983). "Formation of quartz silt during humid tropical weathering of dune sands". Sedimentary Geology. 34 (4): 267–282. doi:10.1016/0037-0738(83)90050-7
  21. ^ Goudie, A.S.; Cooke, R.U.; Doornkamp, J.C. (June 1979). "The formation of silt from quartz dune sand by salt-weathering processes in deserts". Journal of Arid Environments. 2 (2): 105–112. doi:10.1016/S0140-1963(18)31786-5
  22. ^ Lillie, Robert J. (2005). Parks and plates : the geology of our national parks, monuments, and seashores (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0393924076.
  23. ^ Jaworowski, K. (2013). Facies analysis of the Silurian shale-siltstone succession in Pomerania (northern Poland). Geological Quarterly, 44(3), 297-315. Retrieved from https://gq.pgi.gov.pl/article/view/8078 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  24. ^ Thomas, S. G.; Fielding, C. R.; Frank, T. D. (December 2007). "Lithostratigraphy of the late Early Permian (Kungurian) Wandrawandian Siltstone, New South Wales: record of glaciation?". Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. 54 (8): 1057–1071. doi:10.1080/08120090701615717. S2CID 46570542.
  25. ^ Ethridge, F.G. (1977). "Petrology, Transport, and Environment in Isochronous Upper Devonian Sandstone and Siltstone Units, New York". SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research. 47. doi:10.1306/212F70EF-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D

一月 01, 1970
粉砂岩, 英語, siltstone, 又稱aleurolite, 是一種碎屑沉積岩, 主要由粉砂組成, 與頁岩不同在於缺乏片狀裂理, 滲透率和孔隙率相對較低, 但可形成天然氣緻密儲層岩石, 開采需要水力壓裂, 在古埃及用於製造雕像和化妝品調色板, wadi, hammamat, 開采的最有名, 是一種堅硬, 細粒的, 抗剝落, 沉積岩, 描述, 编辑, holtzclaw, 地點, louisville, kentucky, 粉砂被定義為直徑為, 的顆粒, 或在, krumbein, 尺度上為, 的顆粒, 是任何. 粉砂岩 英語 Siltstone 又稱aleurolite 1 是一種碎屑沉積岩 主要由粉砂組成 與頁岩不同在於缺乏片狀裂理 粉砂岩滲透率和孔隙率相對較低 但可形成天然氣緻密儲層岩石 2 3 開采需要水力壓裂 4 粉砂岩在古埃及用於製造雕像和化妝品調色板 在 Wadi Hammamat 開采的粉砂岩最有名 是一種堅硬 細粒的粉砂岩 抗剝落 5 粉砂岩沉積岩粉砂岩 描述 编辑 Holtzclaw 粉砂岩 地點 Louisville Kentucky 粉砂被定義為直徑為 2 62 mm 的顆粒 或在 Krumbein phi f 尺度上為 4 至 8 的顆粒 6 粉砂岩是任何含有 50 或更多粉砂大小顆粒的沉積岩 7 粉砂岩與砂岩不同 因為它們的孔隙更小 並且含粘土量大 雖然經常被誤認為是頁岩 但粉砂岩缺乏頁岩典型的片狀裂理 粉砂岩可能含有結核 8 9 且其風化面與層理無關 來源 编辑 粉砂岩是一種不尋常的岩石 其中大部分粉砂顆粒由石英製成 10 石英粉砂的起源一直是很多研究和爭論的話題 11 12 一些石英粉砂可能起源於細粒葉頁狀變質岩 而許多海相粉砂可能是生物成因 13 14 但大多數石英沉積物來自石英的花崗岩 15 花崗岩顆粒很大需要高能量地質作用粉碎這些顆粒 16 例如冰川磨蝕 17 18 在寒冷 構造活躍的山脈中風化 正常風化 特別是在熱帶地區 19 20 以及在炎熱的沙漠環境中由鹽形成 21 粉砂岩形成於相對安靜的沉積環境中 細顆粒可以從傳輸介質 空氣或水 中沉澱出來並在地表堆積 22 在濁積岩序列 23 三角洲 lt ref name Line gt Lineback Jerry Alvin Deep water sediments adjacent to the Borden Siltstone Mississippian delta in southern Illinois Circular no 401 1966 lt ref gt 冰川沉積物 24 和微地槽環境中都存在 25 參考文獻 编辑 Gyongyi Farkas Characterization of subterranean bacteria in the Hungarian Upper Permian Siltstone Aleurolite Formation Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46 6 559 64 Clarkson Christopher R Jensen Jerry L Pedersen Per Kent Freeman Melissa February 2012 Innovative methods for flow unit and pore structure analyses in a tight siltstone and shale gas reservoir AAPG Bulletin 96 2 355 374 Cao Zhe Liu Guangdi Zhan Hongbin Gao Jin Zhang Jingya Li Chaozheng Xiang Baoli May 2017 Geological roles of the siltstones in tight oil play Marine and Petroleum Geology 83 333 344 doi 10 1016 j marpetgeo 2017 02 020 Ben E Law and Charles W Spencer 1993 Gas in tight reservoirs an emerging major source of energy in David G Howell ed The Future of Energy Gasses US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1570 p 233 252 Shaw Ian 2004 Ancient Egypt a very short introduction Oxford Oxford University Press pp 44 45 ISBN 0192854194 Retrieved 2 October 2020 Folk R L 1980 Petrology of sedimentary rocks 2nd ed Austin Hemphill s Bookstore p 145 ISBN 0 914696 14 9 Archived from the original on 2006 02 14 Retrieved 2 October 2020 Picard M Dane 1971 Classification of Fine grained Sedimentary Rocks SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research 41 doi 10 1306 74D7221B 2B21 11D7 8648000102C1865D Melezhik Victor A Fallick Anthony E Smith Richard A Rosse Danta M December 2007 Spherical and columnar septarian 18 O depleted calcite concretions from Middle Upper Permian lacustrine siltstones in northern Mozambique evidence for very early diagenesis and multiple fluids Sedimentology 54 6 1389 1416 doi 10 1111 j 1365 3091 2007 00886 x Middleton Heather A Nelson Campbell S May 1996 Origin and timing of siderite and calcite concretions in late Palaeogene non to marginal marine facies of the Te Kuiti Group New Zealand Sedimentary Geology 103 1 2 93 115 doi 10 1016 0037 0738 95 00092 5 Nahon D Trompette R February 1982 Origin of siltstones glacial grinding versus weathering Sedimentology 29 1 25 35 doi 10 1111 j 1365 3091 1982 tb01706 x Nemecz Erno Pecsi Marton Hartyani Zsuzsa Horvath Timea June 2000 The origin of the silt size quartz grains and minerals in loess Quaternary International 68 71 199 208 doi 10 1016 S1040 6182 00 00044 6 Smalley Ian January 1990 Possible formation mechanisms for the modal coarse silt quartz particles in loess deposits Quaternary International 7 8 23 27 doi 10 1016 1040 6182 90 90035 3 Leeder M R 2011 Sedimentology and sedimentary basins from turbulence to tectonics 2nd ed Chichester West Sussex UK Wiley Blackwell ISBN 9781405177832 Schieber Jurgen Krinsley Dave Riciputi Lee August 2000 Diagenetic origin of quartz silt in mudstones and implications for silica cycling Nature 406 6799 981 985 doi 10 1038 35023143 PMID 10984049 S2CID 4417951 Potter Paul Edwin Maynard James Pryor Wayne A 1980 Sedimentology of shale study guide and reference source New York Springer Verlag ISBN 0387904301 Assallay A November 1998 Silt 2 62 mm 9 4f Earth Science Reviews 45 1 2 61 88 doi 10 1016 S0012 8252 98 00035 X Kuenen P H 1 December 1969 Origin of quartz silt Journal of Sedimentary Research 39 4 1631 1633 doi 10 1306 74D71ED3 2B21 11D7 8648000102C1865D Riezebos P A Van der Waals L December 1974 Silt sized quartz particles a proposed source Sedimentary Geology 12 4 279 285 doi 10 1016 0037 0738 74 90022 0 Iriondo Marti n December 1999 The origin of silt particles in the loess question Quaternary International 62 1 3 9 doi 10 1016 S1040 6182 99 00018 X Pye Kenneth April 1983 Formation of quartz silt during humid tropical weathering of dune sands Sedimentary Geology 34 4 267 282 doi 10 1016 0037 0738 83 90050 7 Goudie A S Cooke R U Doornkamp J C June 1979 The formation of silt from quartz dune sand by salt weathering processes in deserts Journal of Arid Environments 2 2 105 112 doi 10 1016 S0140 1963 18 31786 5 Lillie Robert J 2005 Parks and plates the geology of our national parks monuments and seashores 1st ed New York W W Norton ISBN 0393924076 Jaworowski K 2013 Facies analysis of the Silurian shale siltstone succession in Pomerania northern Poland Geological Quarterly 44 3 297 315 Retrieved from https gq pgi gov pl article view 8078 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Thomas S G Fielding C R Frank T D December 2007 Lithostratigraphy of the late Early Permian Kungurian Wandrawandian Siltstone New South Wales record of glaciation Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 54 8 1057 1071 doi 10 1080 08120090701615717 S2CID 46570542 Ethridge F G 1977 Petrology Transport and Environment in Isochronous Upper Devonian Sandstone and Siltstone Units New York SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research 47 doi 10 1306 212F70EF 2B24 11D7 8648000102C1865D 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 粉砂岩 amp oldid 77219200, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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