维基百科
狼蛛科
| 狼蛛科 | |
|---|---|
| 狼蛛 Lycosa helluo | |
| 科学分类 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 蛛形纲 Arachnida |
| 目： | 蜘蛛目 Araneae |
| 亚目： | 背突蛛亞目 Opisthothelae |
| 下目： | 新蛛亞目 Araneomorphae |
| 总科： | 狼蛛总科 Lycosoidea |
| 科： | 狼蛛科 Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833 |
| 屬 | |
| 见正文 | |
| 多样性 | |
| 多於100個屬，約2300個品種 | |
因行动敏捷、性凶猛、經常從後追上獵物，而通稱狼蛛。能跳、有毒性、善跑但不能在玻璃等光滑豎立面上爬。其行走攀登能力及視力都次於蠅虎科（跳蛛）。本科生卵後，將卵袋攜帶在絲囊（紡器）下，卵孵化後小蜘蛛都爬到母蛛腹部上，幾天後才開始獨立生活。
狼蛛眼睛排成三列（見圖一）。其第二列單眼顯著（見圖二）。
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全身;1. 卵袋，2. 螯肢，3. 觸肢
網路盛傳，狼蛛可做成料理食用，例如柬埔寨將毛狼蛛加上蒜片後油炸食用；在墨西哥有餐廳將狼蛛冷凍處理、去除有毒的絨毛後火烤加入塔可餅[1]。然其所指實為捕鳥蛛，而非狼蛛。
下属物种 编辑
本属包括以下物种：
- Abaycosa Laborda, Bidegaray-Batist, Simó, Brescovit, Beloso & Piacentini, 2022
- 刺狼蛛属 Acantholycosa Dahl, 1908
- Adelocosa Gertsch, 1973
- Agalenocosa Mello-Leitão, 1944
- Aglaoctenus Tullgren, 1905
- Algidus Simon, 1898
- 奇蛛属 Allocosa Banks, 1900
- 异獾蛛属 Allotrochosina Roewer, 1960
- 黄氏异獾蛛 Allotrochosina huangi Wang, Li & Zhang, 2021
- Allotrochosina karri Vink, 2001
- 黎母异獾蛛 Allotrochosina limu Wang, Li & Zhang, 2021
- Allotrochosina schauinslandi (Simon, 1899)
- Allotrochosina walesiana Framenau, 2008
- 舞蛛属 Alopecosa Simon, 1885
- Amblyothele Simon, 1910
- Anomalomma Simon, 1890
- Anomalosa Roewer, 1960
- Anoteropsis L.Koch, 1878
- 熊蛛属 Arctosa Koch, 1847
- Arctosippa Roewer, 1955
- Arctosomma Roewer, 1960
- 阿狼蛛属 Artoria Thorell, 1877
- Artoria albopedipalpis Framenau, 2002
- Artoria albopilata (Urquhart, 1893)
- Artoria alta Framenau, 2004
- Artoria amoena (Roewer, 1960)
- Artoria avona Framenau, 2002
- Artoria barringtonensis Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria beaury Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria belfordensis Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria berenice (L.Koch, 1877)
- Artoria bondi Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria booderee Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria cingulipes Simon, 1909
- Artoria comleroi Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria corowa Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria equipalus Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria extraordinaria Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria flavimana Simon, 1909
- Artoria gloriosa (Rainbow, 1920)
- Artoria grahammilledgei Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- 钩状阿狼蛛 Artoria hamata Wang, Framenau & Zhang, 2021
- Artoria hebridisiana (Berland, 1938)
- Artoria helensmithae Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria hospita Vink, 2002
- Artoria howquaensis Framenau, 2002
- Artoria impedita (Simon, 1909)
- Artoria kanangra Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria kerewong Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria ligulacea (Qu, Peng & Yin, 2009)
- Artoria lineata (L.Koch, 1877)
- Artoria linnaei Framenau, 2008
- Artoria lycosimorpha Strand, 1909
- Artoria maculatipes (Roewer, 1960)
- Artoria maroota Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria mckayi Framenau, 2002
- Artoria minima (Berland, 1938)
- Artoria mungo Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria munmorah Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria myallensis Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria palustris Dahl, 1908
- Artoria parvula Thorell, 1877
- Artoria quadrata Framenau, 2002
- Artoria schizocoides Framenau & Hebets, 2007
- Artoria segrega Vink, 2002
- Artoria separata Vink, 2002
- Artoria slatyeri Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria strepera Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria subhamata Wang & Zhang, 2022
- Artoria taeniifera Simon, 1909
- Artoria terania Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoria thorelli (Berland, 1929)
- Artoria triangularis Framenau, 2002
- Artoria ulrichi Framenau, 2002
- Artoria victoriensis Framenau, Gotch & Austin, 2006
- Artoria weiweii Wang, Zhang & Peng, 2019
- Artoria wilkiei Framenau & Baehr, 2018
- Artoriellula Roewer, 1960
- Artoriopsis Framenau, 2007
- Aulonia C.L.Koch, 1847
- Auloniella Roewer, 1960
- Birabenia Mello-Leitão, 1941
- Bogdocosa Ponomarev & Belosludtsev, 2008
- Brevilabus Strand, 1908
- Bristowiella Saaristo, 1980
- Camptocosa Dondale, Jiménez & Nieto, 2005
- Caporiaccosa Roewer, 1960
- Caspicosa Ponomarev, 2007
- Costacosa Framenau & Leung, 2013
- Crocodilosa Caporiacco, 1947
- Cynosa Caporiacco, 1933
- Dejerosa Roewer, 1960
- Deliriosa Kovblyuk, 2009
- Diahogna Roewer, 1960
- Diapontia Keyserling, 1876
- Dingosa Roewer, 1955
- Dolocosa Roewer, 1960
- Donacosa Alderweireldt & Jocqué, 1991
- Dorjulopirata Buchar, 1997
- Draposa Kronestedt, 2010
- Dryadia Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
- Dzhungarocosa Fomichev & Marusik, 2017
- Edenticosa Roewer, 1960
- Evippa Simon, 1882
- Evippomma Roewer, 1959
- Foveosa Russell-Smith, Alderweireldt & Jocqué, 2007
- Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904
- Gladicosa Brady, 1986
- Gnatholycosa Mello-Leitão, 1940
- Gulocosa Marusik, Omelko & Koponen, 2015
- Halocosa Azarkina & Trilikauskas, 2019
- Hesperocosa Gertsch & Wallace, 1937
- 马蛛属 Hippasa Simon, 1885
- Hippasella Mello-Leitão, 1944
- Hippasosa Roewer, 1960
- Hoggicosa Roewer, 1960
- 穴狼蛛属 Hogna Simon, 1885
- Hognoides Roewer, 1960
- Hyaenosa Caporiacco, 1940
- Hygrolycosa Dahl, 1908
- Kangarosa Framenau, 2010
- Karakumosa Logunov & Ponomarev, 2020
- Katableps Jocqué, Russell-Smith & Alderweireldt, 2011
- Knoelle Framenau, 2006
- Kochosa Framenau, Castanheira & Yoo, 2023
- Lobizon Piacentini & Grismado, 2009
- Loculla Simon, 1910
- 狼蛛属 Lycosa Latreille, 1804
- Lycosella Thorell, 1890
- Lycosula Roewer, 1954
- Lysania Thorell, 1890
- Mainosa Framenau, 2006
- Malimbosa Roewer, 1960
- Margonia Hippa & Lehtinen, 1983
- Megarctosa Caporiacco, 1948
- Melecosa Marusik, Omelko & Koponen, 2015
- Melocosa Gertsch, 1937
- Minicosa Alderweireldt & Jocqué, 2007
- Modosimus Simon, 1893
- Molitorosa Roewer, 1960
- 蒙狼蛛属 Mongolicosa Marusik, Azarkina & Koponen, 2004
- Mustelicosa Roewer, 1960
- Navira Piacentini & Grismado, 2009
- Notocosa Vink, 2002
- Nukuhiva Berland, 1935
- Oculicosa Zyuzin, 1993
- Ocyale Audouin, 1826
- Orinocosa Chamberlin, 1916
- Ovia Sankaran, Malamel & Sebastian, 2017
- Ovia alboannulata (Sankaran, Malamel & Sebastian, 1997) Lu, Koh, Zhang & Li, 2018
- Ovia alboannulata (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997)
- Ovia emae Buchar & Dolejš, 2021
- Ovia macritchie Lu, Koh, Zhang & Li, 2018
- Ovia procurva (Yu & Song, 1988)[2]
- Ovia quinquedens (Dhali, Roy, Sen, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2012)
- Paratrochosina Roewer, 1960
- 豹蛛属 Pardosa Koch, 1847
- Pardosella Caporiacco, 1939
- Passiena Thorell, 1890
- Pavocosa Roewer, 1960
- Phonophilus Ehrenberg, 1831
- Pirata Sundevall, 1833
- Piratosa
- Piratula Roewer, 1960
- Piratula Sundevall, 1833
- Portacosa Framenau, 2017
- Proevippa Purcell, 1903
- Prolycosides Mello-Leitão, 1942
- Pseudevippa Simon, 1910
- Pterartoria Purcell, 1903
- Pyrenecosa Marusik, Azarkina & Koponen, 2004
- Pyrenocosa Marusik, Azarina & Koponen, 2004
- Rabidosa Roewer, 1960
- Satta Lehtinen & Hippa, 1979
- Schizocosa Chamberlin, 1904
- Schizogyna Chamberlin, 1904
- 锯狼蛛属 Serratacosa Wang, Peng & Zhang, 2021
- 喜马拉雅锯狼蛛 Serratacosa himalayensis (Gravely, 1924)
- 墨脱锯狼蛛 Serratacosa medogensis Wang, Peng & Zhang, 2021
- 多齿锯狼蛛 Serratacosa multidontata (Qu, Peng & Yin, 2010)
- Shapna Hippa & Lehtinen, 1983
- 西伯蛛属 Sibirocosa Marusik, Azarkina & Koponen, 2004
- Sinacosa
- 华阿狼蛛属 Sinartoria Wang, Framenau & Zhang, 2021
- 大明山华阿狼蛛 Sinartoria damingshanensis Wang, Framenau & Zhang, 2021
- 壮华阿狼蛛 Sinartoria zhuangia Wang, Framenau & Zhang, 2021
- 索蛛屬 Sosippus Simon, 1888
- Syroloma Simon, 1900
- Tapetosa Framenau, 2009
- Tapetosa darwini Framenau, Main, Harvey & Waldock, 2009
- Tarentula Sundevall, 1833
- Tasmanicosa Roewer, 1959[3]
- Tasmanicosa fulgor Framenau & Baehr, 2016
- Tasmanicosa gilberta (Hogg, 1906)
- Tasmanicosa godeffroyi (L.Koch, 1865)
- Tasmanicosa harmsi Framenau & Baehr, 2016
- Tasmanicosa hughjackmani Framenau & Baehr, 2016
- Tasmanicosa kochorum Framenau & Baehr, 2016
- Tasmanicosa leuckartii (Thorell, 1870)
- Tasmanicosa musgravei (McKay, 1974)
- Tasmanicosa phyllis (Hogg, 1906)
- Tasmanicosa ramosa (L.Koch, 1877)
- Tasmanicosa salmo Framenau & Baehr, 2016
- Tasmanicosa semicincta (L.Koch, 1877)
- Tasmanicosa stella Framenau & Baehr, 2016
- Tasmanicosa subrufa (Karsch, 1878)
- Tessarops Rafinesque, 1821
- Tetralycosa Roewer, 1960
- Tigrosa Brady, 2012
- Trabaea Roewer, 1960
- Trabea Simon, 1876
- Trabeops Roewer, 1959
- Trabeops aurantiacus (Emerton, 1885)
- Trebacosa Dondale & Redner, 1981
- Tricassa Simon, 1910
- Tricca
- Tristiculosa
- Trochosa Koch, 1847
- Trochosippa Roewer, 1960
- Tropicosa Paredes-Munguia, Brescovit & Teixeira, 2023
- Tuberculosa Framenau & Yoo, 2006
- Varacosa Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942
- Venator Hogg, 1900
- Venatrix Roewer, 1960
- Venonia Thorell, 1894
- Vesubia Simon, 1909
- 哇蒂蛛属 Wadicosa Zyuzin, 1985
- Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908
- Zantheres Thorell, 1887
- Zenonina Simon, 1898
- 佐卡蛛属 Zoica Simon, 1898
- Zoica bambusicola Lehtinen & Hippa, 1979
- Zoica bolubolu Lehtinen & Hippa, 1979
- Zoica carolinensis Framenau, Berry & Beatty, 2009
- Zoica falcata Lehtinen & Hippa, 1979
- 海南佐卡蛛 Zoica hainan Wang, Li & Zhang, 2021
- Zoica minuta (McKay, 1979)
- Zoica oculata Buchar, 1997
- 太平佐卡蛛 Zoica pacifica Framenau, Berry & Beatty, 2009
- Zoica parvula (Thorell, 1895)
- Zoica puellula (Simon, 1898)
- Zoica unciformis Li, Wang & Zhang, 2013
- Zoica wauensis Lehtinen & Hippa, 1979
- Zyuzicosa Logunov, 2010
圖片 编辑
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一隻正保護其卵的狼蛛
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狼蛛及其巢穴
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雌性狼蛛及其卵
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Arctosa sp.
| 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：狼蛛科 |
- ^ 太驚人！墨西哥塔可餅「夾狼蛛」 顧客讚：味道像螃蟹. [2018-07-12]. （原始内容于2021-10-19）.
- ^ Pradeep M. Sankaran, Jobi J. Malamel and Pothalil A. Sebastian. 2017. On the New Monotypic Wolf Spider Genus Ovia gen. nov. (Araneae: Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa. 4221(3); 366-376. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.3.5
- ^ Framenau, Volker W. and Barbara C. Baehr. 2016. Revision of the Australian Union-Jack Wolf Spiders, Genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae). Zootaxa. 4213(1); 1–82. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1