烏茲鋼

烏茲鋼（英語：Wootz steel），一種坩堝鋼，特色是會呈現出條紋的樣式，亦是一種高碳鋼，含有碳化物成份，內部結構出現馬氏體或波來鐵。這種鋼材在西元前6世紀在印度被發展出來並出口到其他地區，在不同地區有不同名稱；在中東地區，以烏茲鋼為基礎鍛造出大馬士革鋼。^[1]

Crucible steels like wootz steel and Damascus steel exhibit unique banding patterns because of the intermixed ferrite and cementite alloys in the steel.

註釋

1. J.‐S. Park K. Rajan R. Ramesh. High‐carbon steel and ancient sword‐making as observed in a double‐edged sword from an Iron Age megalithic burial in Tamil Nadu, India. Archaeometry. 2020, 62: 68–80. doi:10.1111/arcm.12503  . 

延伸閲讀

• Srinivasan, Sharada. Wootz crucible steel: a newly discovered production site in South India. Papers from the Institute of Archaeology. 1994, 5: 49–59 [2021-08-06]. doi:10.5334/pia.60  . （原始内容于2018-07-21）. 
• Srinivasan, S.; Griffiths, D. South Indian wootz: evidence for high-carbon steel from crucibles from a newly identified site and preliminary comparisons with related finds. Material Issues in Art and Archaeology. 
• Hansson, Staffan. Den skapande människan [The creative mind]. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur AB. 2002: 81. ISBN 978-9-14402-148-5 （瑞典语）. 
• urukku - from the Tamil Lexicon, University of Madras
• Special Issue: History and Characteristics of Wootz Steel in India and Abroad. Indian Journal of History of Science. September 2007, 42 (3) [2021-08-06]. （原始内容于2021-08-06）. 
• Srinivasan, Sharada; Ranganathan, Srinivasan. India's Legendary Wootz Steel: an advanced material of the ancient world. Bangalore: National Institute of Advanced Studies and Indian Institute of Science. 2004. 
• Verhoeven, J. D. The Mystery of Damascus Blades. Scientific American. January 2001, 284 (1): 74–79. Bibcode:2001SciAm.284a..74V. JSTOR 26059015. PMID 11132427. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0101-74. 

外部連結

• Verhoeven, J.D.; Pendray, A.H.; Dauksch, W.E. The key role of impurities in ancient Damascus steel blades. JOM. 1998, 50 (9): 58–64 [2021-08-06]. Bibcode:1998JOM....50i..58V. S2CID 135854276. doi:10.1007/s11837-998-0419-y. （原始内容于2019-08-29）. 
• Verhoeven, J.D.; Pendray, A.H.; Dauksch, W.E. The continuing study of damascus steel: Bars from the alwar armory. JOM. September 2004, 56 (9): 17–20. Bibcode:2004JOM....56i..17V. S2CID 137555792. doi:10.1007/s11837-004-0193-4. 
• Verhoeven, J.D. Pattern Formation in Wootz Damascus Steel Swords and Blades (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 2007, 42 (4): 559–574 [2021-08-06]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2021-03-02）. 
• Wootz Militaria （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Provos, Niels. Wootz Ep 4: Making Wootz Steel. YouTube. 3 May 2013 [2021-08-06]. （原始内容于2021-12-10）. 
• Loades, Mike; Pendray, Al. The Secrets of Wootz Damascus Steel. YouTube. 21 November 2017 [2021-08-06]. （原始内容于2021-12-11）. 
• US 5185044,Verhoeven, J.D. & Pendray, A.H.,「Method of making "Damascus" blades」,发表于9 February 1993  （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

template:Chera dynasty topics（英语：template:Chera dynasty topics）