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^Archibold, O. W. 1995. Ecology of World Vegetation. London: Chapman and Hall. Figure 6.1
^Braun, E. L. 1950, Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America, New York: Hafner
^Whittaker, R. H. 1956. Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecological Monographs 26: 1–79.