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维基百科

湯都

一月 31, 2023

湯都巴彥（英语：Bayan (political entity)）[4][15][16]（菲律賓語：Bayan ng Tondo；貝貝因文字（英语：Baybayin）：ᜃᜑᜍᜒᜀᜈ᜔ ᜅ᜔ ᜆᜓᜈᜇᜓ、ᜊᜌᜈ᜔ ᜅ᜔ ᜆᜓᜈᜇᜓ；邦板牙語：Balen ning Tondo, Kayarian ning Tondo；比科爾語：Banwáan ini Tundo、Kahadean ini Tundo；梵語：तोन्दुन्），中國古代又稱東都，是菲律賓在西班牙人殖民前呂宋島最主要的政體[17]（p. 71）[18]，位於巴石河三角洲[19][9][18]，靠近馬尼拉灣。

Tundun[1]
Tondo
ᜆᜓᜇᜓ
before 900 AD[2][Notes 1]－1589[3]
Flag (1450-1589)
Tondo and its alliance network by 1565.
地位Independent Barangay state (15th century)[4]
首都Tondo
常用语言Old Tagalog[2]
Malay[2] (foreign trade)
宗教
政府Feudalism under "Bayan" led by a paramount leader called a Lakan, consisting of several Barangay social groups led by a Datu[4][7] and initially observed as a Monarchy by foreigners[10][11][7]
Lakan[來源請求] 
• 约 900
Unnamed Ruler represented by Jayadewa, Lord Minister of Pailah (according to LCI)
• 约 1150
Gat Timamanukum
• 约 1300
Gat Balagtas
• 1430-1450[來源請求]
Rajah Lontok
• 1450-1515[來源請求]
Dayang Kalangitan
• 1521–1571[來源請求]
Lakandula
• 1571-1575[來源請求]
Rajah Sulayman
• 1575–1589[來源請求]
Agustin de Legazpi
历史时期Antiquity[2][Notes 3] to Early modern era[4]
• First historical mention, in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription; trade relations with the Medang Kingdom implied[2]
before 900 AD[2][Notes 1]
• Various proposed dates for the founding of the neighboring Rajahnate of Maynila range as early as the 1200s (see Battle of Manila (1258) and (1365)) to the 1500s (see Battle of Manila (1500))[Notes 4]
约1200s to 约1500s
• Establishment of regular trade relations with the Ming dynasty[12]
1373
• Territorial conflict with Maynila during the reign of Rajah Matanda's mother[7]
约1520
• First arrival of Spanish colonizers and Battle of Manila (1570)
1570
• Battle of Bangkusay Channel[13]
1571
• Attack of Limahong and concurrent Tagalog revolt of 1574
1574
• Discovery of the Tondo Conspiracy, dissolution of indigenous rule, and integration into the Spanish East Indies
1589[3]
货币Piloncitos, Gold rings, and Barter[14]
前身		 继承
Prehistory of the Philippines
Barangay state
Captaincy General of the Philippines
今属于Philippines

王國成立於約公元900年，由一些巴朗蓋組成，由世襲的拉肯和達圖統治。這王國位於海上絲綢之路路線最北端，依靠與中國貿易帶來財富，並把中國商品轉手整個群島的其餘地區。在與汶萊帝國蘇丹博基爾亞的聯盟期間，湯都王國進一步達到頂峰。大約在1500年左右，這個王國達到群島最北部。

自1570年開始與西班牙帝國接觸後，湯都在1571年被西班牙擊敗，被吸收為現代馬尼拉市的一個區域，結束了作為一個獨立政治實體的地位。

注释

  1. ^ Earliest historical reference.
  2. ^ Practiced by some members of the "Maginoo" caste, the apex social class (Scott, 1994)
  3. ^ Earliest historical reference.
  4. ^ Participation as "Tondo" not explicitly mentioned in these oral history

參考

Aganduru Moriz, Rodrigo (1882) [1623]. Historica general de las islas occidentals a la Asia adyacentes llamadas Philipinas. Coleccion de Documentos ineditos para la Historia de España. Madrid

  1. ^ Postma, Antoon (April–June 1992). "The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: Text and Commentary". Philippine Studies. Ateneo de Manila University. 40 (2): 182–203. JSTOR 42633308.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Postma, Antoon. The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: Text and Commentary. Philippine Studies (Ateneo de Manila University). June 27, 2008, 40 (2): 182–203 [2022-01-03]. （原始内容于2017-10-10）. 
  3. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为Corpuz1989的参考文献提供内容
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 . Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library. Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library Araw ng Maynila Briefers. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. 23 June 2015 [27 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于9 March 2016）. 
  5. ^ Maggay, Melba Padilla. Filipino Religious Consciousness. Quezon City: Institute for Studies in Asian Church and Culture. 1999. ISBN 971-8743-07-3. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 引用错误：没有为名为SoulBook1991的参考文献提供内容
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 引用错误：没有为名为Scott1994的参考文献提供内容
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Osborne, Milton. Southeast Asia: An Introductory History Ninth. Australia: Allen & Unwin. 2004. ISBN 1-74114-448-5. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Jocano, F. Landa. Filipino Prehistory: Rediscovering Precolonial Heritage. Quezon City: Punlad Research House, Inc. 2001. ISBN 971-622-006-5. 
  10. ^ Rafael, Vicente L. (2005) The Promise of the Foreign: Nationalism and the Technics of Translation in the Spanish Philippines.
  11. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为Ming Annals的参考文献提供内容
  12. ^ Scott, William Henry. Societies in Prehispanic Philippines. Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. 1989. ISBN 978-9711002268. 
  13. ^ Joaquin, Nick. Manila, My Manila. Vera Reyes, Inc. 1990: 18–20. 
  14. ^ Ocampo, Ambeth R. 'Piloncitos' and the 'Philippine golden age'. opinion.inquirer.net. 30 August 2011 [2017-04-28]. （原始内容于2017-05-16） （英语）. 
  15. ^ Junker, Laura Lee. Integrating History and Archaeology in the Study of Contact Period Philippine Chiefdoms. International Journal of Historical Archaeology. 1998, 2 (4). 
  16. ^ Renfrew, Colin, and Shennan, S. (eds.). Ranking, Resource, and Exchange. Cambridge.: Cambridge University Press. 1982. 
  17. ^ Schliesinger, Joachim. Origin of Man in Southeast Asia 4: Early Dominant Peoples of the Maritime Region. Volume 4 dari Origin of Man in Southeast Asia. Booksmango. 2016 [2017-08-19]. ISBN 9781633237285. （原始内容于2017-08-16）. 
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 Abinales, Patricio N. and Donna J. Amoroso, State and Society in the Philippines. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005. as referred to in http://malacanang.gov.ph/75832-pre-colonial-manila/#_ftn1 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  19. ^ Scott, William Henry. Looking for the Prehispanic Filipino and Other Essays in the Philippine History. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. 1992. ISBN 971-10-0524-7. 

一月 31, 2023
湯都, 巴彥, 英语, bayan, political, entity, 菲律賓語, bayan, tondo, 貝貝因文字, 英语, baybayin, ᜃᜑ, ᜀᜈ, ᜈᜇ, ᜊᜌᜈ, ᜈᜇ, 邦板牙語, balen, ning, tondo, kayarian, ning, tondo, 比科爾語, banwáan, tundo, kahadean, tundo, 梵語, 中國古代又稱東都, 是菲律賓在西班牙人殖民前呂宋島最主要的政體, 位於巴石河三角洲, 靠近馬尼拉灣, tundun, tondo, be. 湯都巴彥 英语 Bayan political entity 4 15 16 菲律賓語 Bayan ng Tondo 貝貝因文字 英语 Baybayin ᜃᜑ ᜀᜈ ᜅ ᜆ ᜈᜇ ᜊᜌᜈ ᜅ ᜆ ᜈᜇ 邦板牙語 Balen ning Tondo Kayarian ning Tondo 比科爾語 Banwaan ini Tundo Kahadean ini Tundo 梵語 त न द न 中國古代又稱東都 是菲律賓在西班牙人殖民前呂宋島最主要的政體 17 p 71 18 位於巴石河三角洲 19 9 18 靠近馬尼拉灣 Tundun 1 Tondo ᜆ ᜇ before 900 AD 2 Notes 1 1589 3 Flag 1450 1589 Tondo and its alliance network by 1565 地位Independent Barangay state 15th century 4 首都Tondo常用语言Old Tagalog 2 Malay 2 foreign trade 宗教Tagalog animism 5 Tantrayana 6 7 8 9 Hinduism 6 7 8 9 Folk Islam Notes 2 政府Feudalism under Bayan led by a paramount leader called a Lakan consisting of several Barangay social groups led by a Datu 4 7 and initially observed as a Monarchy by foreigners 10 11 7 Lakan 來源請求 约 900Unnamed Ruler represented by Jayadewa Lord Minister of Pailah according to LCI 约 1150Gat Timamanukum 约 1300Gat Balagtas 1430 1450 來源請求 Rajah Lontok 1450 1515 來源請求 Dayang Kalangitan 1521 1571 來源請求 Lakandula 1571 1575 來源請求 Rajah Sulayman 1575 1589 來源請求 Agustin de Legazpi历史时期Antiquity 2 Notes 3 to Early modern era 4 First historical mention in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription trade relations with the Medang Kingdom implied 2 before 900 AD 2 Notes 1 Various proposed dates for the founding of the neighboring Rajahnate of Maynila range as early as the 1200s see Battle of Manila 1258 and 1365 to the 1500s see Battle of Manila 1500 Notes 4 约1200s to 约1500s Establishment of regular trade relations with the Ming dynasty 12 1373 Territorial conflict with Maynila during the reign of Rajah Matanda s mother 7 约1520 First arrival of Spanish colonizers and Battle of Manila 1570 1570 Battle of Bangkusay Channel 13 1571 Attack of Limahong and concurrent Tagalog revolt of 15741574 Discovery of the Tondo Conspiracy dissolution of indigenous rule and integration into the Spanish East Indies1589 3 货币Piloncitos Gold rings and Barter 14 前身 继承Prehistory of the PhilippinesBarangay state Captaincy General of the Philippines今属于Philippines王國成立於約公元900年 由一些巴朗蓋組成 由世襲的拉肯和達圖統治 這王國位於海上絲綢之路路線最北端 依靠與中國貿易帶來財富 並把中國商品轉手整個群島的其餘地區 在與汶萊帝國蘇丹博基爾亞的聯盟期間 湯都王國進一步達到頂峰 大約在1500年左右 這個王國達到群島最北部 自1570年開始與西班牙帝國接觸後 湯都在1571年被西班牙擊敗 被吸收為現代馬尼拉市的一個區域 結束了作為一個獨立政治實體的地位 注释 编辑 Earliest historical reference Practiced by some members of the Maginoo caste the apex social class Scott 1994 Earliest historical reference Participation as Tondo not explicitly mentioned in these oral history參考 编辑Aganduru Moriz Rodrigo 1882 1623 Historica general de las islas occidentals a la Asia adyacentes llamadas Philipinas Coleccion de Documentos ineditos para la Historia de Espana Madrid Postma Antoon April June 1992 The Laguna Copper Plate Inscription Text and Commentary Philippine Studies Ateneo de Manila University 40 2 182 203 JSTOR 42633308 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 Postma Antoon The Laguna Copper Plate Inscription Text and Commentary Philippine Studies Ateneo de Manila University June 27 2008 40 2 182 203 2022 01 03 原始内容存档于2017 10 10 引用错误 没有为名为Corpuz1989的参考文献提供内容 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 Pre colonial Manila Malacanang Presidential Museum and Library Malacanang Presidential Museum and Library Araw ng Maynila Briefers Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office 23 June 2015 27 April 2017 原始内容存档于9 March 2016 Maggay Melba Padilla Filipino Religious Consciousness Quezon City Institute for Studies in Asian Church and Culture 1999 ISBN 971 8743 07 3 6 0 6 1 引用错误 没有为名为SoulBook1991的参考文献提供内容 7 0 7 1 7 2 7 3 7 4 引用错误 没有为名为Scott1994的参考文献提供内容 8 0 8 1 Osborne Milton Southeast Asia An Introductory History Ninth Australia Allen amp Unwin 2004 ISBN 1 74114 448 5 9 0 9 1 9 2 Jocano F Landa Filipino Prehistory Rediscovering Precolonial Heritage Quezon City Punlad Research House Inc 2001 ISBN 971 622 006 5 Rafael Vicente L 2005 The Promise of the Foreign Nationalism and the Technics of Translation in the Spanish Philippines 引用错误 没有为名为Ming Annals的参考文献提供内容 Scott William Henry Societies in Prehispanic Philippines Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History Quezon City New Day Publishers 1989 ISBN 978 9711002268 Joaquin Nick Manila My Manila Vera Reyes Inc 1990 18 20 Ocampo Ambeth R Piloncitos and the Philippine golden age opinion inquirer net 30 August 2011 2017 04 28 原始内容存档于2017 05 16 英语 Junker Laura Lee Integrating History and Archaeology in the Study of Contact Period Philippine Chiefdoms International Journal of Historical Archaeology 1998 2 4 Renfrew Colin and Shennan S eds Ranking Resource and Exchange Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1982 Schliesinger Joachim Origin of Man in Southeast Asia 4 Early Dominant Peoples of the Maritime Region Volume 4 dari Origin of Man in Southeast Asia Booksmango 2016 2017 08 19 ISBN 9781633237285 原始内容存档于2017 08 16 18 0 18 1 Abinales Patricio N and Donna J Amoroso State and Society in the Philippines Maryland Rowman and Littlefield 2005 as referred to in http malacanang gov ph 75832 pre colonial manila ftn1 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Scott William Henry Looking for the Prehispanic Filipino and Other Essays in the Philippine History Quezon City New Day Publishers 1992 ISBN 971 10 0524 7 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 湯都 amp oldid 70922681, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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