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维基百科

海鹿科

一月 09, 2024

海鹿科（學名：Aplysiidae）是海鹿總科（學名：Aplysioidea，又名海兔超科）之下唯一的一個科。與其牠海蛞蝓相比，海鹿的體型相比較大。牠們的頭小[1]，有著又長又圓的身體，還有長長的一對檢嗅器（英语：rhinophore）。這些物種都是一些沒有螺殻的「海螺」，一般「海鹿」會用來叫體型相對大很多的物種，而體型較小的會叫作「海兔」，但也有文獻不論大小都稱呼為「海兔」。在這些物種當中，以加州黑海兔（Aplysia vaccaria）的體型最大，也是所有腹足綱物種中體型最大的一種，經常在內容農場的「海怪」文章提及。

Aplysiidae
Aplysia californica, a typical sea hare, shown here releasing a cloud of purple pigment, probably as a reaction to being disturbed.
科学分类
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲： 腹足纲 Gastropoda
目： 海鹿目 Aplysiida
总科： 海鹿總科 Aplysioidea
科： 海鹿科 Aplysiidae
Lamarck, 1809
屬

見內文

異名
  • Aplysiinae Lamarck, 1809 · accepted, alternate representation
  • Dolabriferidae (synonym)
  • Dolabriferinae Pilsbry, 1895 · accepted, alternate representation
  • Notarchinae Mazzarelli, 1893 · accepted, alternate representation

型態描述 编辑

 
Dorsal view of a live Aplysia parvula showing general anatomy of sea hares.

Defenses 编辑

Mating habits 编辑

捕食者 编辑

海鹿科的捕食者包括有海蜘蛛、隆頭魚科物種及海龜。

分類學 编辑

2004年的一份研究文獻[5]顯示海鹿科是一個單系群，由兩個支序組成：

  • Aplysiinae
  • Dolabellinae + Dolabriferinae + Notarchinae.

亞科 编辑

  • 海鹿亞科 Aplysiinae Lamarck, 1809
  • 黃花瓣螺亞科 Dolabellinae Pilsbry, 1895
  • Dolabriferinae Pilsbry, 1895
  • Notarchinae Mazzarelli, 1893

屬 编辑

  • 海兔属 Aplysia Linnaeus, 1767：模式屬
  • Barnardaclesia Eales & Engel, 1935
  • Bursatella Blainville, 1817 - the only one species: Bursatella leachii Blainville, 1817
  • 黃花瓣螺屬 Dolabella Lamarck, 1801
  • Dolabrifera Gray, 1847
  • † Floribella Woodring, 1970
  • Notarchus Cuvier, 1817
  • Paraplysia Pilsbry, 1895
  • Petalifera Gray, 1847
  • Phyllaplysia Fischer, 1872
  • Stylocheilus Gould, 1852
  • Syphonota H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 - the only one species: Syphonota geographica (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
Genera brought into synonymy
  • Aclesia Rang, 1828: synonym of Bursatella Blainville, 1817
  • Aplysiella P. Fischer, 1872: synonym of Petalifera Gray, 1847
  • Busiris Risso, 1826: synonym of Notarchus Cuvier, 1816
  • Laplysia Linnaeus, 1767: synonym of Aplysia Linnaeus, 1767
  • Neaplysia J. G. Cooper, 1863: synonym of Aplysia (Neaplysia) J. G. Cooper, 1863 represented as Aplysia Linnaeus, 1767
  • Phycophila A. Adams, 1861: synonym of Aplysia (Phycophila) A. Adams, 1861 represented as Aplysia Linnaeus, 1767
  • Pruvotaplysia Engel, 1936: synonym of Aplysia (Pruvotaplysia) Engel, 1936 represented as Aplysia Linnaeus, 1767
  • Ramosaclesia Iredale, 1929: synonym of Bursatella Blainville, 1817
  • Siphonotus A. Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of Syphonota H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
  • Tullia Pruvot-Fol, 1933: synonym of Aplysia (Tullia) Pruvot-Fol, 1933 represented as Aplysia Linnaeus, 1767
  • Varria Eales, 1960: synonym of Aplysia (Varria) Eales, 1960 represented as Aplysia Linnaeus, 1767

部分物種 编辑

參考文獻 编辑

  1. ^ 貝科基本解說：台灣Aplysiidae 海鹿科貝類共 8 種. 臺灣貝類資料庫. [2018-03-13]. （原始内容于2018-03-13） （中文（繁體））. 
  2. ^ Paige, John A. Biology, Metamorphosis and Postlarval Development of Bursatella leachii plei Rang (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). Bulletin of Marine Science. January 1988, 42 (1): 65–75. 
  3. ^ Zsilavecz, G. 2007. Nudibranchs of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay. ISBN 0-620-38054-3
  4. ^ Kandel E. R., Schwartz J. H. & Jessell T. M. (2000). Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed., New York, McGraw-Hill 180 pp.
  5. ^ Klussmann‐Kolb, A. Phylogeny of the Aplysiidae (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia) with new aspects of the evolution of seahares. Zoologica Scripta. 2004, 33 (5): 439–462. doi:10.1111/j.0300-3256.2004.00158.x. 
  6. ^ Lamarck, J.B. Philosophize zoologique. Paris: Dentu. 1809: 428. 
  7. ^ Bouchet, P. & J.P. Rocroi. Corrections of Authorship and date for gastropod (Mollusca) family-group names placed on the Official List and Official Index. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 2001, 58 (3): 170–178 [2018-03-13]. （原始内容于2020-11-10）. 
  8. ^ Notes on cephalaspideans. Opisthobranch. 1984, 16 (3): 26. 

延伸閱讀 编辑

  • Kandel, E.R. (1979) Behavioural Biology of Aplysia. San Francisco, W.H.Freeman & Co. 463pp.
  • Costello, M.J.; Emblow, C.; White, R. (Ed.). (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50. Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle: Paris, France. ISBN 2-85653-538-0. 463 pp.

外部連結 编辑

维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：海鹿科
  • http://www.seaslugforum.net （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  • Vue Z., Kamel B. S., Capo T. R., Bardales A. T. & Medina M. (2014). "Comparative analysis of early ontogeny in Bursatella leachii and Aplysia californica". PeerJ 2: e700 doi:10.7717/peerj.700

一月 09, 2024
海鹿科, 此條目目前正依照en, aplysiidae上的内容进行翻译, 2018年3月30日, 如果您擅长翻译, 並清楚本條目的領域, 欢迎协助翻譯, 改善或校对本條目, 此外, 长期闲置, 未翻譯或影響閱讀的内容可能会被移除, 學名, aplysiidae, 是海鹿總科, 學名, aplysioidea, 又名海兔超科, 之下唯一的一個科, 與其牠海蛞蝓相比, 海鹿的體型相比較大, 牠們的頭小, 有著又長又圓的身體, 還有長長的一對檢嗅器, 英语, rhinophore, 這些物種都是一些沒有螺殻的, 海螺, . 此條目目前正依照en Aplysiidae上的内容进行翻译 2018年3月30日 如果您擅长翻译 並清楚本條目的領域 欢迎协助翻譯 改善或校对本條目 此外 长期闲置 未翻譯或影響閱讀的内容可能会被移除 海鹿科 學名 Aplysiidae 是海鹿總科 學名 Aplysioidea 又名海兔超科 之下唯一的一個科 與其牠海蛞蝓相比 海鹿的體型相比較大 牠們的頭小 1 有著又長又圓的身體 還有長長的一對檢嗅器 英语 rhinophore 這些物種都是一些沒有螺殻的 海螺 一般 海鹿 會用來叫體型相對大很多的物種 而體型較小的會叫作 海兔 但也有文獻不論大小都稱呼為 海兔 在這些物種當中 以加州黑海兔 Aplysia vaccaria 的體型最大 也是所有腹足綱物種中體型最大的一種 經常在內容農場的 海怪 文章提及 AplysiidaeAplysia californica a typical sea hare shown here releasing a cloud of purple pigment probably as a reaction to being disturbed 科学分类界 动物界 Animalia门 軟體動物門 Mollusca纲 腹足纲 Gastropoda目 海鹿目 Aplysiida总科 海鹿總科 Aplysioidea科 海鹿科 Aplysiidae Lamarck 1809屬見內文異名Aplysiinae Lamarck 1809 accepted alternate representation Dolabriferidae synonym Dolabriferinae Pilsbry 1895 accepted alternate representation Notarchinae Mazzarelli 1893 accepted alternate representation 目录 1 型態描述 2 Defenses 3 Mating habits 4 捕食者 5 分類學 5 1 亞科 5 2 屬 5 3 部分物種 6 參考文獻 7 延伸閱讀 8 外部連結型態描述 编辑 nbsp Dorsal view of a live Aplysia parvula showing general anatomy of sea hares 已隱藏部分未翻譯内容 歡迎參與翻譯 Members of the Aplysiidae have an atrophied inner shell in contrast with the nudibranchs which have no shell at all In Aplysia and Syphonota this shell is a soft flattened plate over the visceral rear end where it is fully or partially enclosed in the mantle skin In Dolabella auricularia the shell is ear shaped The shell is only present in the larval stage of the two genera Bursatella and Stylocheilus and on this basis they have been grouped into the subfamily Dolabriferinae 2 They are rather large animals Their length can reach up to 75 cm Aplysia vaccaria and they can weigh well over 2 kg They are cosmopolitan and found in temperate and tropical seas inhabiting shallow coastal areas and sheltered bays thick with vegetation The Aplysiidae are herbivorous eating a variety of red green or brown algae and eelgrass Their color is diet derived from the pigments of the algae They concentrate the toxins found on algae nbsp Sea hare Dolabrifera dolabriferaDefenses 编辑已隱藏部分未翻譯内容 歡迎參與翻譯 Some species spout ink when disturbed or attacked and they may also swim rather than crawl away using their broad wing like flaps or parapodia The ink is extracted from their algal food rather than being synthesized 3 Sea hares have two main secretory glands in their mantle cavity purple gland lying on top of the mantle cavity above the gill It gives off a red or purple fluid or in some species a white ink opaline gland situated on the floor of the mantle cavity beneath the gill It gives off a white opaque secretion The genus Aplysia has proved useful as a model in neurobiology for the study of electrical synapses which mediate the release of the clouds of ink 4 Mating habits 编辑已隱藏部分未翻譯内容 歡迎參與翻譯 Sea hares are hermaphrodites with fully functional male and female reproductive organs The penis is on the right side of the head while the vagina is situated in the mantle cavity beneath the shell deep down between the parapodia It is therefore physically impossible for mating partners to act as both male and female at the same time They have unusual mating habits they can mate in pairs with one acting as a male the other as a female but they commonly occur in quite crowded numbers during the mating season and this often leads to chains of three or more sea hares mating together The one at the front acts as a female and the one at the back as a male The animal s in between are acting as both males and females in other words the animal receiving sperm passes its own sperm to a third sea hare 捕食者 编辑海鹿科的捕食者包括有海蜘蛛 隆頭魚科物種及海龜 分類學 编辑2004年的一份研究文獻 5 顯示海鹿科是一個單系群 由兩個支序組成 Aplysiinae Dolabellinae Dolabriferinae Notarchinae 已隱藏部分未翻譯内容 歡迎參與翻譯 The authority of this family is still somewhat in dispute The family was incorrectly originally spelled as Laplysiana This was a Latinized form of the original common name les Laplysiens as described in Philosophie zoologique 1 320 by Lamarck in 1809 6 Rafinesque introduced the new name Laplysinia in 1815 In 2001 Bouchet amp Rocroi advocated the attribution of the name Aplysiidae to Lamarck 7 亞科 编辑 已隱藏部分未翻譯内容 歡迎參與翻譯 Classification after N B Eales 1984 8 海鹿亞科 Aplysiinae Lamarck 1809 黃花瓣螺亞科 Dolabellinae Pilsbry 1895 Dolabriferinae Pilsbry 1895 Notarchinae Mazzarelli 1893屬 编辑 海兔属 Aplysia Linnaeus 1767 模式屬 Barnardaclesia Eales amp Engel 1935 Bursatella Blainville 1817 the only one species Bursatella leachii Blainville 1817 黃花瓣螺屬 Dolabella Lamarck 1801 Dolabrifera Gray 1847 Floribella Woodring 1970 Notarchus Cuvier 1817 Paraplysia Pilsbry 1895 Petalifera Gray 1847 Phyllaplysia Fischer 1872 Stylocheilus Gould 1852 Syphonota H Adams amp A Adams 1854 the only one species Syphonota geographica A Adams amp Reeve 1850 Genera brought into synonymyAclesia Rang 1828 synonym of Bursatella Blainville 1817 Aplysiella P Fischer 1872 synonym of Petalifera Gray 1847 Busiris Risso 1826 synonym of Notarchus Cuvier 1816 Laplysia Linnaeus 1767 synonym of Aplysia Linnaeus 1767 Neaplysia J G Cooper 1863 synonym of Aplysia Neaplysia J G Cooper 1863 represented as Aplysia Linnaeus 1767 Phycophila A Adams 1861 synonym of Aplysia Phycophila A Adams 1861 represented as Aplysia Linnaeus 1767 Pruvotaplysia Engel 1936 synonym of Aplysia Pruvotaplysia Engel 1936 represented as Aplysia Linnaeus 1767 Ramosaclesia Iredale 1929 synonym of Bursatella Blainville 1817 Siphonotus A Adams amp Reeve 1850 synonym of Syphonota H Adams amp A Adams 1854 Tullia Pruvot Fol 1933 synonym of Aplysia Tullia Pruvot Fol 1933 represented as Aplysia Linnaeus 1767 Varria Eales 1960 synonym of Aplysia Varria Eales 1960 represented as Aplysia Linnaeus 1767部分物種 编辑參考文獻 编辑 貝科基本解說 台灣Aplysiidae 海鹿科貝類共 8 種 臺灣貝類資料庫 2018 03 13 原始内容存档于2018 03 13 中文 繁體 Paige John A Biology Metamorphosis and Postlarval Development of Bursatella leachii plei Rang Gastropoda Opisthobranchia Bulletin of Marine Science January 1988 42 1 65 75 Zsilavecz G 2007 Nudibranchs of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay ISBN 0 620 38054 3 Kandel E R Schwartz J H amp Jessell T M 2000 Principles of Neural Science 4th ed New York McGraw Hill 180 pp Klussmann Kolb A Phylogeny of the Aplysiidae Gastropoda Opisthobranchia with new aspects of the evolution of seahares Zoologica Scripta 2004 33 5 439 462 doi 10 1111 j 0300 3256 2004 00158 x Lamarck J B Philosophize zoologique Paris Dentu 1809 428 Bouchet P amp J P Rocroi Corrections of Authorship and date for gastropod Mollusca family group names placed on the Official List and Official Index Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 2001 58 3 170 178 2018 03 13 原始内容存档于2020 11 10 Notes on cephalaspideans Opisthobranch 1984 16 3 26 延伸閱讀 编辑Kandel E R 1979 Behavioural Biology of Aplysia San Francisco W H Freeman amp Co 463pp Costello M J Emblow C White R Ed 2001 European register of marine species a check list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50 Museum national d Histoire Naturelle Paris France ISBN 2 85653 538 0 463 pp 外部連結 编辑维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源 海鹿科http www seaslugforum net 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Vue Z Kamel B S Capo T R Bardales A T amp Medina M 2014 Comparative analysis of early ontogeny in Bursatella leachii and Aplysia californica PeerJ 2 e700 doi 10 7717 peerj 700 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 海鹿科 amp oldid 79956613, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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