橈神經為臂神經叢後索的分支終端,最初經過上臂後隔間(英语:posterior compartment of the arm),之後陸續經過上臂前隔間(英语:anterior compartment of the arm)以及前臂後隔間(英语:posterior compartment of the forearm)。
上臂
橈神經從臂神經叢後索分出以後,便沿上臂後方進入肱三頭肌裂孔(英语:triangular interval)(又稱三角空間)。之後便會與臂深動脈(英语:deep artery of arm)伴行,從向外側下行。
橈神經會沿肱骨上的橈神經溝向外下行,支配肱三頭肌的內側頭和外側頭。之後會穿入肱外側肌間隔(英语:lateral intermuscular septum of arm)並進入上臂前隔間(英语:anterior compartment of the arm)。
經過肌間隔後橈神經會在肱肌和肱橈肌間下行至橈骨遠端,並經肱外上髁(英语:lateral epicondyle of the humerus)前側至前臂。
前臂
橈神經在前臂會在旋後肌前分岔為深淺兩支,淺支主要為感覺神經,而深支通常為運動神經。
橈神經淺支(英语:superficial branch of the radial nerve)會沿肱橈肌(英语:brachioradialis)深層下行,進入手腕並支配手掌背側。包含除指床之外的大拇指、食指、中指背側,而指床則是由正中神經分支出來的固有掌指神经(英语:Proper palmar digital nerves of median nerve)支配。
橈神經深支(英语:deep branch of the radial nerve)則會經由旋後肌深層下行,並沿著橈骨繞至前臂後側。經過旋後肌的橈神經深支改稱為前臂後骨間神經(英语:posterior interosseous nerve of forearm)。後骨間神經會支配旋後肌及前臂的伸肌,到了伸拇短肌深層會沿肱骨間膜後側下行,並與後骨間動脈(英语:posterior interosseous artery)並行。
Cutaneous innervation of the right upper extremity. Areas innervated by the radial nerve are colored in pink.
橈動脈皮神經支配(英语:Cutaneous innervation)有下列分支:
上臂後皮神經(英语:Posterior cutaneous nerve of arm)(起源自腋下)
下外臂皮神經(英语:Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm)(起源自上臂)
前臂後皮神經(英语:Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm)(起源自上臂)
橈神經淺支(英语:superficial branch of the radial nerve)則支配前臂後側大部分的感覺,包含大拇指、食指,及中指的背側,以及虎口部分。
運動
橈神經及其深支的支配上臂後隔間(英语:posterior compartment of the arm)及前臂後隔間(英语:posterior compartment of the arm)肌肉的運動,通常為伸肌。
前臂後部肌肉。All the labelled muscles (that is, all the visible muscles except the ones on the dorsal hand and one at top left) are innervated by the radial nerve, and represent all muscles innervated by the radial nerve except for the supinator.
Front of right upper extremity, showing surface markings for bones, arteries, and nerves.
Back of right upper extremity, showing surface markings for bones and nerves.
Radial nerve at newborn
Radial nerve
Radial nerve
Radial nerve
Radial nerve
Muscles of upper limb.Cross section.
參考文獻
^de Se`ze MP, Rezzouk J, de Se`ze M, Uzel M, Lavignolle B, Midy D, Durandeau A. Does the motor branch of the long head of the triceps brachii arise from the radial nerve?. Surg Radiol Anat. 2004, 26 (6): 459–461. PMID 15365769. doi:10.1007/s00276-004-0253-z.
^Tor Wo Chiu. Stone's Plastic Surgery Facts and Figures. Cambridge University Press. 2011. ISBN 9781139499781.
參見
本條目使用了部分解剖術語,概述請參閱這裡(英语:anatomical terminology)。
Muscular branches of the radial nerve(英语:Muscular branches of the radial nerve)