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维基百科

早期尼德蘭繪畫

行進 07, 2023

早期尼德蘭繪畫也稱佛蘭芒原始繪畫（荷蘭語：Vlaamse Primitieven）是15及16世紀北方文藝復興時勃艮第及哈布斯堡統治時的尼德蘭地區的繪畫作品，布魯日、根特、圖爾奈及布魯塞爾是其重鎮。這些作品主要屬於國際哥特式藝術，先鋒人物是1420年代開始活躍的揚·凡·艾克和罗伯特·坎平。早期尼德蘭繪畫的時代在1523年杰拉尔德·大卫去世不久之後結束。[3] 但也有學者將結束時間延遲到荷蘭起義爆發的1566至1568年間。早期尼德蘭繪畫的時閒段與前期文藝復興到其全盛期這一時間基本重疊，但一般都與意大利文藝復興分開來研究。在這一時期，中世紀欧洲北方藝術達到了頂峰。

《阿尔诺非尼夫妇》，揚·凡·艾克，1434年。這幅早期尼德蘭繪畫作品是西方藝術史上最複雜的作品之一，其中運用了大量的象徵性元素。[1][2]
《下十字架》，罗希尔·范德魏登，1435年

這一時期的主要藝術家包括揚·凡·艾克、罗伯特·坎平、罗希尔·范德魏登、迪里克·鲍茨、彼得鲁斯·克里斯蒂、漢斯·梅姆林、雨果·凡·德·古斯和耶罗尼米斯·博斯。他們對錯視等藝術手法了如指掌，在繪畫中大量運用各種象徵。其作品基本都描繪的是宗教場景，否則就是小幅肖像畫。純粹的寫實或神話場景均不多見。繪畫中會出現精細的風景，但16世紀早期之前一般都是作為背景來使用。他們的作品一般都是板面油畫，其形式除去單幅作品外，還包括雙聯畫、三聯畫及其他多聯畫。除油畫之外，他們也涉足雕塑、壁毯、泥金裝飾手抄本和彩色玻璃等领域。

第一代早期尼德蘭畫家活躍時正值勃艮第的全盛期，當時低地國家成爲了歐洲北部的政治經濟中心，這些畫家的作品行銷外國公卿之间。但16世紀和17世紀的偶像破壞運動中被大量銷毀，今只有數千幅留存。而這些作品直到19世紀中期才開始得到重視，然而由於早期的破壞和缺乏記錄，現在即使是一些有名的早期尼德蘭繪畫作品也仍存在許多疑點與爭議。

參考文獻

引用

  1. ^ Ward (1994), 19
  2. ^ Elkins (1991), 53–62
  3. ^ Spronk (1996), 7

來源

  • Acres, Alfred. "Rogier van der Weyden's Painted Texts". Artibus et Historiae, Volume 21, No. 41, 2000
  • Ainsworth, Maryan. "The Business of Art: Patrons, Clients and Art Markets". Maryan Ainsworth, et al. (eds.), From Van Eyck to Bruegel: Early Netherlandish Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum, 1998a. ISBN 0-87099-870-6
  • Ainsworth, Maryan. "Religious Painting from 1500 to 1550". Maryan Ainsworth, et al. (eds.), From Van Eyck to Bruegel: Early Netherlandish Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum, 1998b. ISBN 0-87099-870-6
  • Ainsworth, Maryan Ainsworth. "Religious Painting from 1420 to 1500". Maryan Ainsworth, et al. (eds.), From Van Eyck to Bruegel: Early Netherlandish Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum, 1998c. ISBN 0-87099-870-6
  • Arnade, Peter J., Beggars, Iconoclasts, and Civic Patriots: the Political Culture of the Dutch Revolt, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008, ISBN 0-8014-7496-5, ISBN 978-0-8014-7496-5
  • Bauman, Guy. "Early Flemish Portraits 1425–1525". The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, Volume 43, No. 4, Spring, 1986
  • Blum, Shirley Neilsen. "Early Netherlandish Triptychs: A Study in Patronage". Speculum, Volume 47, No. 2, April 1972
  • Borchert, Till-Holger. "Innovation, reconstruction, deconstruction: Early Netherlandish Diptychs in the mirror of their reception". John Hand and Ron Spronk (eds.), Essays in Context: Unfolding the Netherlandish diptych. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-300-12140-7
  • Borchert, Till-Holger. Van Eyck to Dürer: The Influence of Early Netherlandish painting on European Art, 1430–1530. London: Thames & Hudson, 2011. ISBN 978-0-500-23883-7
  • Campbell, Lorne. "Robert Campin, the Master of Flémalle and the Master of Mérode". The Burlington Magazine, Volume 116, No. 860, 1974
  • Campbell, Lorne. "The Art Market in the Southern Netherlands in the Fifteenth Century". The Burlington Magazine, Volume 118, No. 877, 1976
  • Campbell, Lorne. The Fifteenth-Century Netherlandish Paintings. London: National Gallery, 1998. ISBN 0-300-07701-7
  • Campbell, Lorne. Van der Weyden. London: Chaucer Press, 2004. ISBN 1-904449-24-7
  • Cavallo, Adolfo Salvatore. Medieval Tapestries in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993. ISBN 0-300-08636-9
  • Chapuis, Julien. "Early Netherlandish Painting: Shifting Perspectives". Maryan Ainsworth, et al. (eds.), From Van Eyck to Bruegel: Early Netherlandish Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum, 1998. ISBN 0-87099-870-6
  • Châtelet, Albert. "Early Dutch Painting, Painting in the northern Netherlands in the 15th century". Montreux: Montreux Fine Art Publications, 1980. ISBN 2-88260-009-7
  • Cleland, Elizabeth Adriana Helena. More Than Woven Paintings: The Reappearance of Rogier Van Der Weyden's Designs in Tapestry, Volume 2. London: University of London, 2002. (Ph.D thesis)
  • Christiansen, Keith. "The View from Italy". Maryan Ainsworth, et al. (eds.), From van Eyck to Bruegel: Early Netherlandish Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum, 1998. ISBN 0-87099-870-6
  • Dhanens, Elisabeth. Hubert and Jan van Eyck. New York: Tabard Press, 1980. ISBN 0-933516-13-4
  • Deam, Lisa. "Flemish versus Netherlandish: A Discourse of Nationalism". Renaissance Quarterly, Volume 51, No. 1, 1998
  • Elkins, John, "On the Arnolfini Portrait and the Lucca Madonna: Did Jan van Eyck Have a Perspectival System?". The Art Bulletin, Volume 73, No. 1, March, 1991
  • Freeman, Margaret. "A New Room for the Unicorn Tapestries". The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. Volume 32, No. 1, 1973
  • Friedländer, Max J. Early Netherlandish Painting. Translated by Heinz Norden. Leiden: Praeger, 1967–76. OCLC 61544744
  • Freedberg David, "Painting and the Counter-Reformation", from the catalogue to The Age of Rubens. Toledo, Ohio, 1993. online PDF （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  • Friedländer, Max J. From Van Eyck to Bruegel. (First pub. in German, 1916), London: Phaidon, 1981. ISBN 0-7148-2139-X
  • Hand, John Oliver; Metzger, Catherine; Spronk, Ron. Prayers and Portraits: Unfolding the Netherlandish Diptych. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006. ISBN 0-300-12155-5
  • Harbison, Craig. "Realism and Symbolism in Early Flemish Painting". The Art Bulletin, Volume 66, No. 4, December, 1984
  • Harbison, Craig. "The Art of the Northern Renaissance". London: Laurence King Publishing, 1995. ISBN 1-78067-027-3
  • Holly, Michael Ann. Panofsky and the Foundations of Art History. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985. ISBN 0-8014-9896-1
  • Huizinga, Johan. The Waning of the Middle Ages. Oxford: Benediction, 1924, (2009 edition). ISBN 978-1-84902-895-0
  • Hulin de Loo, Georges. "Diptychs of Rogier van der Weyden: I". Burlington Magazine, Volume 43, No. 245, 1923
  • Jacobs, Lynn. "The Triptychs of Hieronymus Bosch". The Sixteenth Century Journal, Volume 31, No. 4, 2000
  • Jacobs, Lynn. Opening Doors: The Early Netherlandish Triptych Reinterpreted. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2011. ISBN 0-271-04840-9
  • Janson, H.W. Janson's History of Art: Western Tradition. New York: Prentice Hall, 2006. ISBN 0-13-193455-4
  • Jones, Susan Frances. Van Eyck to Gossaert. London: National Gallery, 2011. ISBN 978-1-85709-504-3
  • Kemperdick, Stephan. The Early Portrait, from the Collection of the Prince of Liechtenstein and the Kunstmuseum Basel. Munich: Prestel, 2006. ISBN 3-7913-3598-7
  • Kren, Thomas. Illuminated Manuscripts of Belgium and the Netherlands at the J. Paul Getty Museum. Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2010. ISBN 1-60606-014-7
  • MacCulloch, Diarmaid. The Reformation: Europe's House Divided. London: Penguin Books, 2005. ISBN 0-14-303538-X
  • Nash, Susie. Northern Renaissance art. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. ISBN 0-19-284269-2
  • Nash, Susie. "A Fifteenth-Century French Manuscript and an Unknown Painting by Robert Campin". The Burlington Magazine, Volume 137, No. 1108, 1995
  • Orenstein, Nadine. "Pieter Bruegel the Elder". Maryan Ainsworth, et al. (eds.), From van Eyck to Bruegel: Early Netherlandish Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum, 1998. ISBN 0-87099-870-6
  • Pächt, Otto. Early Netherlandish Painting from Rogier van der Weyden to Gerard David. New York: Harvey Miller, 1997. ISBN 1-872501-84-2
  • Panofsky, Erwin. Renaissance and Renascences in Western Art. New York: Harper & Row, 1969
  • Panofsky, Erwin. Early Netherlandish Painting. London: Harper Collins, 1971. ISBN 0-06-430002-1
  • Pearson, Andrea. "Personal Worship, Gender, and the Devotional Portrait Diptych". The Sixteenth Century Journal, Volume 31, No. 1, 2000
  • John Goldsmith. "The Museum's Collection of Renaissance Tapestries". The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, New Series, Volume 6, No. 4, 1947
  • Powell, Amy. "A Point 'Ceaselessly Pushed Back': The Origin of Early Netherlandish Painting. The Art Bulletin, Volume 88, No. 4, 2006
  • Ridderbos, Bernhard; Van Buren, Anne; Van Veen, Henk. Early Netherlandish Paintings: Rediscovery, Reception and Research. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-89236-816-0
  • Silver, Larry. "The State of Research in Northern European Art of the Renaissance Era". The Art Bulletin, Volume 68, No. 4, 1986
  • Silver, Larry. Peasant Scenes and Landscapes: The Rise of Pictorial Genres in the Antwerp Art Market. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006. ISBN 0-8122-2211-3
  • Smith, Jeffrey Chipps. The Northern Renaissance (Art and Ideas). London: Phaidon Press, 2004. ISBN 0-7148-3867-5
  • Spronk, Ron. "More than Meets the Eye: An Introduction to Technical Examination of Early Netherlandish Paintings at the Fogg Art Museum". Harvard University Art Museums Bulletin, Volume 5, No. 1, Autumn 1996
  • Teasdale Smith, Molly. "On the Donor of Jan van Eyck's Rolin Madonna". Gesta, Volume 20, No. 1. In Essays in Honor of Harry Bober, 1981
  • Toman, Rolf (ed). Renaissance: Art and Architecture in Europe during the 15th and 16th Centuries. Bath: Parragon, 2011. ISBN 978-1-4075-5238-5
  • Van Der Elst, Joseph. The Last Flowering of the Middle Ages. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 1944
  • Van Vaernewijck, Marcus; de Smet de Naeyer, Maurice (ed). Mémoires d'un patricien gantois du XVIe siècle. Paris: N. Heins, 1905–06
  • Vlieghe, Hans. "Flemish Art, Does It Really Exist?". In Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art, Volume 26, 1998
  • Ward, John. "Disguised Symbolism as Enactive Symbolism in Van Eyck's Paintings". Artibus et Historiae, Volume 15, No. 29, 1994
  • Wieck, Roger. "Folia Fugitiva: The Pursuit of the Illuminated Manuscript Leaf". The Journal of the Walters Art Gallery, Volume 54, 1996
  • Wolff, Martha; Hand, John Oliver. Early Netherlandish painting. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1987. ISBN 0-521-34016-0
  • Wood, Christopher S. Albrecht Altdorfer and the Origins of Landscape. London: Reaktion Books, 1993. ISBN 0-948462-46-9

外部連結

行進 07, 2023
早期尼德蘭繪畫, 也稱佛蘭芒原始繪畫, 荷蘭語, vlaamse, primitieven, 是15及16世紀北方文藝復興時勃艮第及哈布斯堡統治時的尼德蘭地區的繪畫作品, 布魯日, 根特, 圖爾奈及布魯塞爾是其重鎮, 這些作品主要屬於國際哥特式藝術, 先鋒人物是1420年代開始活躍的揚, 艾克和罗伯特, 坎平, 的時代在1523年杰拉尔德, 大卫去世不久之後結束, 但也有學者將結束時間延遲到荷蘭起義爆發的1566至1568年間, 的時閒段與前期文藝復興到其全盛期這一時間基本重疊, 但一般都與意大利文藝復興分開來研究. 早期尼德蘭繪畫也稱佛蘭芒原始繪畫 荷蘭語 Vlaamse Primitieven 是15及16世紀北方文藝復興時勃艮第及哈布斯堡統治時的尼德蘭地區的繪畫作品 布魯日 根特 圖爾奈及布魯塞爾是其重鎮 這些作品主要屬於國際哥特式藝術 先鋒人物是1420年代開始活躍的揚 凡 艾克和罗伯特 坎平 早期尼德蘭繪畫的時代在1523年杰拉尔德 大卫去世不久之後結束 3 但也有學者將結束時間延遲到荷蘭起義爆發的1566至1568年間 早期尼德蘭繪畫的時閒段與前期文藝復興到其全盛期這一時間基本重疊 但一般都與意大利文藝復興分開來研究 在這一時期 中世紀欧洲北方藝術達到了頂峰 阿尔诺非尼夫妇 揚 凡 艾克 1434年 這幅早期尼德蘭繪畫作品是西方藝術史上最複雜的作品之一 其中運用了大量的象徵性元素 1 2 下十字架 罗希尔 范德魏登 1435年 這一時期的主要藝術家包括揚 凡 艾克 罗伯特 坎平 罗希尔 范德魏登 迪里克 鲍茨 彼得鲁斯 克里斯蒂 漢斯 梅姆林 雨果 凡 德 古斯和耶罗尼米斯 博斯 他們對錯視等藝術手法了如指掌 在繪畫中大量運用各種象徵 其作品基本都描繪的是宗教場景 否則就是小幅肖像畫 純粹的寫實或神話場景均不多見 繪畫中會出現精細的風景 但16世紀早期之前一般都是作為背景來使用 他們的作品一般都是板面油畫 其形式除去單幅作品外 還包括雙聯畫 三聯畫及其他多聯畫 除油畫之外 他們也涉足雕塑 壁毯 泥金裝飾手抄本和彩色玻璃等领域 第一代早期尼德蘭畫家活躍時正值勃艮第的全盛期 當時低地國家成爲了歐洲北部的政治經濟中心 這些畫家的作品行銷外國公卿之间 但16世紀和17世紀的偶像破壞運動中被大量銷毀 今只有數千幅留存 而這些作品直到19世紀中期才開始得到重視 然而由於早期的破壞和缺乏記錄 現在即使是一些有名的早期尼德蘭繪畫作品也仍存在許多疑點與爭議 目录 1 參考文獻 1 1 引用 1 2 來源 2 外部連結參考文獻 编辑引用 编辑 Ward 1994 19 Elkins 1991 53 62 Spronk 1996 7 來源 编辑 Acres Alfred Rogier van der Weyden s Painted Texts Artibus et Historiae Volume 21 No 41 2000 Ainsworth Maryan The Business of Art Patrons Clients and Art Markets Maryan Ainsworth et al eds From Van Eyck to Bruegel Early Netherlandish Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Metropolitan Museum 1998a ISBN 0 87099 870 6 Ainsworth Maryan Religious Painting from 1500 to 1550 Maryan Ainsworth et al eds From Van Eyck to Bruegel Early Netherlandish Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Metropolitan Museum 1998b ISBN 0 87099 870 6 Ainsworth Maryan Ainsworth Religious Painting from 1420 to 1500 Maryan Ainsworth et al eds From Van Eyck to Bruegel Early Netherlandish Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Metropolitan Museum 1998c ISBN 0 87099 870 6 Arnade Peter J Beggars Iconoclasts and Civic Patriots the Political Culture of the Dutch Revolt Ithaca NY Cornell University Press 2008 ISBN 0 8014 7496 5 ISBN 978 0 8014 7496 5 Bauman Guy Early Flemish Portraits 1425 1525 The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin Volume 43 No 4 Spring 1986 Blum Shirley Neilsen Early Netherlandish Triptychs A Study in Patronage Speculum Volume 47 No 2 April 1972 Borchert Till Holger Innovation reconstruction deconstruction Early Netherlandish Diptychs in the mirror of their reception John Hand and Ron Spronk eds Essays in Context Unfolding the Netherlandish diptych Cambridge MA Harvard University Press 2006 ISBN 978 0 300 12140 7 Borchert Till Holger Van Eyck to Durer The Influence of Early Netherlandish painting on European Art 1430 1530 London Thames amp Hudson 2011 ISBN 978 0 500 23883 7 Campbell Lorne Robert Campin the Master of Flemalle and the Master of Merode The Burlington Magazine Volume 116 No 860 1974 Campbell Lorne The Art Market in the Southern Netherlands in the Fifteenth Century The Burlington Magazine Volume 118 No 877 1976 Campbell Lorne The Fifteenth Century Netherlandish Paintings London National Gallery 1998 ISBN 0 300 07701 7 Campbell Lorne Van der Weyden London Chaucer Press 2004 ISBN 1 904449 24 7 Cavallo Adolfo Salvatore Medieval Tapestries in The Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Metropolitan Museum of Art 1993 ISBN 0 300 08636 9 Chapuis Julien Early Netherlandish Painting Shifting Perspectives Maryan Ainsworth et al eds From Van Eyck to Bruegel Early Netherlandish Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Metropolitan Museum 1998 ISBN 0 87099 870 6 Chatelet Albert Early Dutch Painting Painting in the northern Netherlands in the 15th century Montreux Montreux Fine Art Publications 1980 ISBN 2 88260 009 7 Cleland Elizabeth Adriana Helena More Than Woven Paintings The Reappearance of Rogier Van Der Weyden s Designs in Tapestry Volume 2 London University of London 2002 Ph D thesis Christiansen Keith The View from Italy Maryan Ainsworth et al eds From van Eyck to Bruegel Early Netherlandish Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Metropolitan Museum 1998 ISBN 0 87099 870 6 Dhanens Elisabeth Hubert and Jan van Eyck New York Tabard Press 1980 ISBN 0 933516 13 4 Deam Lisa Flemish versus Netherlandish A Discourse of Nationalism Renaissance Quarterly Volume 51 No 1 1998 Elkins John On the Arnolfini Portrait and the Lucca Madonna Did Jan van Eyck Have a Perspectival System The Art Bulletin Volume 73 No 1 March 1991 Freeman Margaret A New Room for the Unicorn Tapestries The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin Volume 32 No 1 1973 Friedlander Max J Early Netherlandish Painting Translated by Heinz Norden Leiden Praeger 1967 76 OCLC 61544744 Freedberg David Painting and the Counter Reformation from the catalogue to The Age of Rubens Toledo Ohio 1993 online PDF 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Friedlander Max J From Van Eyck to Bruegel First pub in German 1916 London Phaidon 1981 ISBN 0 7148 2139 X Hand John Oliver Metzger Catherine Spronk Ron Prayers and Portraits Unfolding the Netherlandish Diptych New Haven CT Yale University Press 2006 ISBN 0 300 12155 5 Harbison Craig Realism and Symbolism in Early Flemish Painting The Art Bulletin Volume 66 No 4 December 1984 Harbison Craig The Art of the Northern Renaissance London Laurence King Publishing 1995 ISBN 1 78067 027 3 Holly Michael Ann Panofsky and the Foundations of Art History Ithaca NY Cornell University Press 1985 ISBN 0 8014 9896 1 Huizinga Johan The Waning of the Middle Ages Oxford Benediction 1924 2009 edition ISBN 978 1 84902 895 0 Hulin de Loo Georges Diptychs of Rogier van der Weyden I Burlington Magazine Volume 43 No 245 1923 Jacobs Lynn The Triptychs of Hieronymus Bosch The Sixteenth Century Journal Volume 31 No 4 2000 Jacobs Lynn Opening Doors The Early Netherlandish Triptych Reinterpreted University Park PA Pennsylvania State University Press 2011 ISBN 0 271 04840 9 Janson H W Janson s History of Art Western Tradition New York Prentice Hall 2006 ISBN 0 13 193455 4 Jones Susan Frances Van Eyck to Gossaert London National Gallery 2011 ISBN 978 1 85709 504 3 Kemperdick Stephan The Early Portrait from the Collection of the Prince of Liechtenstein and the Kunstmuseum Basel Munich Prestel 2006 ISBN 3 7913 3598 7 Kren Thomas Illuminated Manuscripts of Belgium and the Netherlands at the J Paul Getty Museum Los Angeles Getty Publications 2010 ISBN 1 60606 014 7 MacCulloch Diarmaid The Reformation Europe s House Divided London Penguin Books 2005 ISBN 0 14 303538 X Nash Susie Northern Renaissance art Oxford Oxford University Press 2008 ISBN 0 19 284269 2 Nash Susie A Fifteenth Century French Manuscript and an Unknown Painting by Robert Campin The Burlington Magazine Volume 137 No 1108 1995 Orenstein Nadine Pieter Bruegel the Elder Maryan Ainsworth et al eds From van Eyck to Bruegel Early Netherlandish Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Metropolitan Museum 1998 ISBN 0 87099 870 6 Pacht Otto Early Netherlandish Painting from Rogier van der Weyden to Gerard David New York Harvey Miller 1997 ISBN 1 872501 84 2 Panofsky Erwin Renaissance and Renascences in Western Art New York Harper amp Row 1969 Panofsky Erwin Early Netherlandish Painting London Harper Collins 1971 ISBN 0 06 430002 1 Pearson Andrea Personal Worship Gender and the Devotional Portrait Diptych The Sixteenth Century Journal Volume 31 No 1 2000 John Goldsmith The Museum s Collection of Renaissance Tapestries The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin New Series Volume 6 No 4 1947 Powell Amy A Point Ceaselessly Pushed Back The Origin of Early Netherlandish Painting The Art Bulletin Volume 88 No 4 2006 Ridderbos Bernhard Van Buren Anne Van Veen Henk Early Netherlandish Paintings Rediscovery Reception and Research Amsterdam Amsterdam University Press 2005 ISBN 0 89236 816 0 Silver Larry The State of Research in Northern European Art of the Renaissance Era The Art Bulletin Volume 68 No 4 1986 Silver Larry Peasant Scenes and Landscapes The Rise of Pictorial Genres in the Antwerp Art Market Philadelphia PA University of Pennsylvania Press 2006 ISBN 0 8122 2211 3 Smith Jeffrey Chipps The Northern Renaissance Art and Ideas London Phaidon Press 2004 ISBN 0 7148 3867 5 Spronk Ron More than Meets the Eye An Introduction to Technical Examination of Early Netherlandish Paintings at the Fogg Art Museum Harvard University Art Museums Bulletin Volume 5 No 1 Autumn 1996 Teasdale Smith Molly On the Donor of Jan van Eyck s Rolin Madonna Gesta Volume 20 No 1 In Essays in Honor of Harry Bober 1981 Toman Rolf ed Renaissance Art and Architecture in Europe during the 15th and 16th Centuries Bath Parragon 2011 ISBN 978 1 4075 5238 5 Van Der Elst Joseph The Last Flowering of the Middle Ages Whitefish MT Kessinger Publishing 1944 Van Vaernewijck Marcus de Smet de Naeyer Maurice ed Memoires d un patricien gantois du XVIe siecle Paris N Heins 1905 06 Vlieghe Hans Flemish Art Does It Really Exist In Simiolus Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art Volume 26 1998 Ward John Disguised Symbolism as Enactive Symbolism in Van Eyck s Paintings Artibus et Historiae Volume 15 No 29 1994 Wieck Roger Folia Fugitiva The Pursuit of the Illuminated Manuscript Leaf The Journal of the Walters Art Gallery Volume 54 1996 Wolff Martha Hand John Oliver Early Netherlandish painting Washington National Gallery of Art 1987 ISBN 0 521 34016 0 Wood Christopher S Albrecht Altdorfer and the Origins of Landscape London Reaktion Books 1993 ISBN 0 948462 46 9外部連結 编辑Early Netherlandish Painting 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 紐約大都會藝術博物館 英文 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 早期尼德蘭繪畫 amp oldid 69244640, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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