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维基百科

无损检测

无损检测(Nondestructive testing,NDT)又称非破坏检验,是在不影响检测对象未来使用功能或现在的运行状态前提下,采用射线超声红外电磁太赫兹无损检测 等原理技术仪器对材料、零件、设备进行缺陷、化学、物理参数的检测技术。常见的有超声波检测焊缝中的裂纹等方法。中国机械工程学会无损检测学会是中国无损检测学术组织,TC56是其标准化机构。

應用與技術 编辑

 
An example of a 3D replicating technique. The flexible high-resolution replicas allow surfaces to be examined and measured under laboratory conditions. A replica can be taken from all solid materials.

NDT is divided into various methods of nondestructive testing, each based on a particular scientific principle. These methods may be further subdivided into various techniques. The various methods and techniques, due to their particular natures, may lend themselves especially well to certain applications and be of little or no value at all in other applications. Therefore, choosing the right method and technique is an important part of the performance of NDT.

  • 聲發射檢測 (AE or AT)
  • 红蓝酸蚀氧化检测(BEA,Blue etch anodize)
  • 染色滲透檢測法英语Dye penetrant inspection液體滲透檢測法英语liquid penetrant inspection(PT or LPI)
  • 電磁感應檢測英语Electromagnetic testing(ET 或 EMI,Electromagnetic Inspection)
    • 交流電場測量英语Alternating current field measurement (ACFM,Alternating current field measurement)
    • 交流電勢下降測量英语Alternating current potential drop measurement (ACPD,Alternating current potential drop measurement)
    • 巴克豪森效應測試(Barkhausen testing)
    • 直流電勢下降測量英语Direct current potential drop measurement(DCPD,Direct current potential drop measurement)
    • 渦電流檢測(ECT,Eddy-current testing)
    • Magnetic flux leakage testing (MFL) for pipelines, tank floors, and wire rope
    • 磁粉檢測法英语Magnetic-particle inspection(MT 或 MPI,Magnetic-particle inspection)
    • 磁感(Magnetovision)
    • 遠場檢測英语Remote field testing(RFT,Remote field testing)
  • 橢圓偏振技術(Ellipsometry)
  • 內窺鏡檢測
  • 導波檢測英语Guided wave testing (GWT,Guided wave testing)
  • 硬度測試(Hardness testing)
  • 脈衝激振法英语Impulse excitation technique(IET,Impulse excitation technique)
  • 微波成像英语Microwave imaging(Microwave imaging)
  •  
    X-Ray, Optical and Terahertz image of a packaged IC.[1]
    太赫兹非破壞檢測(THz,Terahertz nondestructive evaluation)
  • 紅外線熱力檢測 (IR,Infrared and thermal testing)
    • 熱成像儀
    • 掃瞄熱顕微鏡英语Scanning thermal microscopy
  • Laser testing
    • Electronic speckle pattern interferometry
    • Holographic interferometry
    • Self-mixing laser interferometry
    • 低連續性干涉測量術(Low coherence interferometry)
    • 光學同調斷層掃描(OCT,Optical coherence tomography)
    • 輪廓儀英语Profilometer(Profilometer)
    • 雷射剪像儀英语Shearography(Shearography)
  • Leak testing (LT) or Leak detection
    • Hydrostatic test
    • Absolute pressure leak testing (pressure change)
    • Bubble testing
    • Halogen diode leak testing
    • Hydrogen leak testing
    • Mass spectrometer leak testing
    • Tracer-gas leak testing method for helium, hydrogen and refrigerant gases
  • 核磁共振成像(MRI,Magnetic Resonance Imaging)及核磁共振光譜法(NMR spectroscopy)
  • Metallographic replicas[2][3]
  • Spectroscopy
    • Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
    • Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR)
    • (Far-infrared =) Terahertz spectroscopy
    • Raman Spectroscopy
  • Optical microscopy
  • Positive material identification (PMI)
  • Radiographic testing (RT) (see also Industrial radiography and Radiography)
    • Computed radiography
    • Digital radiography (real-time)
    • Neutron imaging
    • SCAR (small controlled area radiography)
    • X-ray computed tomography (CT)
  • Resonant inspection
    • Resonant acoustic method (RAM)[4]
  • Scanning electron microscopy
  • Surface temper etch (Nital Etch)
  • Ultrasonic testing (UT)
    • Acoustic resonance technology (ART)
    • Angle beam testing
    • Electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) (non-contact)
    • Laser ultrasonics (LUT)
    • Internal rotary inspection system (IRIS) ultrasonics for tubes
    • Phased array ultrasonics (PAUT)
  • Thickness measurement
    • Time of flight diffraction ultrasonics (TOFD)
    • Time-of-flight ultrasonic determination of 3D elastic constants (TOF)
  • Vibration analysis
  • Visual inspection (VT)
    • Pipeline video inspection
  • Weight and load testing of structures
  • Corroscan/C-scan
  • 3D computed tomography
    • Industrial CT scanning
  • Heat Exchanger Life Assessment System
  • RTJ Flange Special Ultrasonic Testing


  1. ^ Ahi, Kiarash. A Method and System for Enhancing the Resolution of Terahertz Imaging. Measurement. 2018. doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2018.06.044. 
  2. ^ ASTM E1351: "Standard Practice for Production and Evaluation of Field Metallographic Replicas" (2006)
  3. ^ BS ISO 3057 "Non-destructive testing - Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination" (1998)
  4. ^ "Fundamentals of Resonant Acoustic Method NDT" (2005)

无损检测, 此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充, 2021年9月1日, 若您熟悉来源语言和主题, 请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目, 请勿直接提交机械翻译, 也不要翻译不可靠, 低品质内容, 依版权协议, 译文需在编辑摘要注明来源, 或于讨论页顶部标记, href, template, translated, page, html, title, template, translated, page, translated, page, 标签, nondestructive, testing, 又称非破坏检验, . 此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充 2021年9月1日 若您熟悉来源语言和主题 请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目 请勿直接提交机械翻译 也不要翻译不可靠 低品质内容 依版权协议 译文需在编辑摘要注明来源 或于讨论页顶部标记 a href Template Translated page html title Template Translated page Translated page a 标签 无损检测 Nondestructive testing NDT 又称非破坏检验 是在不影响检测对象未来使用功能或现在的运行状态前提下 采用射线 超声 红外 电磁 太赫兹无损检测 等原理技术仪器对材料 零件 设备进行缺陷 化学 物理参数的检测技术 常见的有超声波检测焊缝中的裂纹等方法 中国机械工程学会无损检测学会是中国无损检测学术组织 TC56是其标准化机构 應用與技術 编辑 nbsp An example of a 3D replicating technique The flexible high resolution replicas allow surfaces to be examined and measured under laboratory conditions A replica can be taken from all solid materials NDT is divided into various methods of nondestructive testing each based on a particular scientific principle These methods may be further subdivided into various techniques The various methods and techniques due to their particular natures may lend themselves especially well to certain applications and be of little or no value at all in other applications Therefore choosing the right method and technique is an important part of the performance of NDT 聲發射檢測 AE or AT 红蓝酸蚀氧化检测 BEA Blue etch anodize 染色滲透檢測法 英语 Dye penetrant inspection 或 液體滲透檢測法 英语 liquid penetrant inspection PT or LPI 電磁感應檢測 英语 Electromagnetic testing ET 或 EMI Electromagnetic Inspection 交流電場測量 英语 Alternating current field measurement ACFM Alternating current field measurement 交流電勢下降測量 英语 Alternating current potential drop measurement ACPD Alternating current potential drop measurement 巴克豪森效應測試 Barkhausen testing 直流電勢下降測量 英语 Direct current potential drop measurement DCPD Direct current potential drop measurement 渦電流檢測 ECT Eddy current testing Magnetic flux leakage testing MFL for pipelines tank floors and wire rope 磁粉檢測法 英语 Magnetic particle inspection MT 或 MPI Magnetic particle inspection 磁感 Magnetovision 遠場檢測 英语 Remote field testing RFT Remote field testing 橢圓偏振技術 Ellipsometry 內窺鏡檢測 導波檢測 英语 Guided wave testing GWT Guided wave testing 硬度測試 Hardness testing 脈衝激振法 英语 Impulse excitation technique IET Impulse excitation technique 微波成像 英语 Microwave imaging Microwave imaging nbsp X Ray Optical and Terahertz image of a packaged IC 1 太赫兹非破壞檢測 THz Terahertz nondestructive evaluation 紅外線及熱力檢測 IR Infrared and thermal testing 熱成像儀 掃瞄熱顕微鏡 英语 Scanning thermal microscopy Laser testing Electronic speckle pattern interferometry Holographic interferometry Self mixing laser interferometry 低連續性干涉測量術 Low coherence interferometry 光學同調斷層掃描 OCT Optical coherence tomography 輪廓儀 英语 Profilometer Profilometer 雷射剪像儀 英语 Shearography Shearography Leak testing LT or Leak detection Hydrostatic test Absolute pressure leak testing pressure change Bubble testing Halogen diode leak testing Hydrogen leak testing Mass spectrometer leak testing Tracer gas leak testing method for helium hydrogen and refrigerant gases 核磁共振成像 MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging 及核磁共振光譜法 NMR spectroscopy Metallographic replicas 2 3 Spectroscopy Near infrared spectroscopy NIRS Mid infrared spectroscopy MIR Far infrared Terahertz spectroscopy Raman Spectroscopy Optical microscopy Positive material identification PMI Radiographic testing RT see also Industrial radiography and Radiography Computed radiography Digital radiography real time Neutron imaging SCAR small controlled area radiography X ray computed tomography CT Resonant inspection Resonant acoustic method RAM 4 Scanning electron microscopy Surface temper etch Nital Etch Ultrasonic testing UT Acoustic resonance technology ART Angle beam testing Electromagnetic acoustic transducer EMAT non contact Laser ultrasonics LUT Internal rotary inspection system IRIS ultrasonics for tubes Phased array ultrasonics PAUT Thickness measurement Time of flight diffraction ultrasonics TOFD Time of flight ultrasonic determination of 3D elastic constants TOF Vibration analysis Visual inspection VT Pipeline video inspection Weight and load testing of structures Corroscan C scan 3D computed tomography Industrial CT scanning Heat Exchanger Life Assessment System RTJ Flange Special Ultrasonic Testing Ahi Kiarash A Method and System for Enhancing the Resolution of Terahertz Imaging Measurement 2018 doi 10 1016 j measurement 2018 06 044 ASTM E1351 Standard Practice for Production and Evaluation of Field Metallographic Replicas 2006 BS ISO 3057 Non destructive testing Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination 1998 Fundamentals of Resonant Acoustic Method NDT 2005 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 无损检测 amp oldid 71835004, 维基百科,wiki,书籍,书籍,图书馆,

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