^The minimum size boundary is arbitrary and not precise. It is based upon observation and may vary depending upon whether technical aids, such as a hand lens or a microscope are used or not. One analyst used a 100 µm limit on the size of crystals as that was the minimum that could be point-counted accurately by optical means. Murphy, M. D.; Sparks, R. S. J.; Barclay, J.; Carroll, M. R.; Brewer, T. S. Remobilization of andesite magma by intrusion of mafic magma at the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies. Journal of Petrology. 2000, 41 (1): 21–42. doi:10.1093/petrology/41.1.21.
^Smith, George I. Geology and Volcanic Petrology of the Lava Mountains, San Bernardino County, California. United States Geological Survey professional paper 457. Washington, D.C.: United States Geological Survey. 1964: 39. OCLC 3598916.
^Gill, Robin. Igneous Rocks and Processes: A Practical Guide. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. 2011: 34. ISBN 978-1-4443-3065-6.
^Some use a 1% boundary condition, Sen, Bibhas; Sabale, A. B.; Sukumaran, P. V. Lava channel of Khedrai Dam, northeast of Nasik in western Deccan Volcanic province: Detailed morphology and evidences of channel reactivation. Journal of the Geological Society of India. 2012, 80 (3): 314–328. doi:10.1007/s12594-012-0150-8. and Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A & M University. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Part A, Initial report 140. National Science Foundation (U.S.). 1991: 52., while others suggest a limit of 5%. Piccirillo, E. M.; Melford, A. J. The Mesozoic Flood Volcanism of the Paraná Basin: Petrogenetic and Geophysical Aspects. São Paulo, Brazil: Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Astronômico e Geofísico. 1988: 49. ISBN 978-85-85047-04-7. and Moulton, B. J. A.; et al. Volcanology of the Felsic Volcanic Rocks of the Kidd-Munro assemblage in Prosser and Muro Townships and Premininary Correlations with the Kidd Creek Deposit, Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Ontario. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, No. 2008-18. Ottawa: Geological Survey of Canada. 2008: 19. ISBN 978-1-100-10649-6.
^Gill, Robin. Igneous Rocks and Processes: A Practical Guide. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. 2011: 21. ISBN 978-1-4443-3065-6.
^Byerly, Gary R.; Wright, Thomas L. Origin of major element chemical trends in DSDP Leg 37 basalts, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 1978, 3 (3): 229–279. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(78)90038-0.
^Gangopadhyay, A. M. I. T. A. V. A.; Sen, Gautam; Keshav, Shantanu. Experimental Crystallization of Deccan Basalts at Low Pressure: Effect of Contamination on Phase Equilibrium (PDF). Indian Journal of Geology. 2003, 75 (1/4): 54 [2021-11-04]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2010-06-15）.
^Williams, Howel; Turner, Francis J.; Gilbert, Charles M. Petrography: An introduction to the study of rocks in thin sections. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. 1954: 102–103. ISBN 978-0-7167-0206-1.
^ Cox, S. F.; Etheridge, M. A. Crack-seal fibre growth mechanisms and their significance in the development of oriented layer silicate microstructures. Tectonophysics. 1983, 92 (1): 147–170. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(83)90088-4.
参考文献编辑
Best, Myron. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology second. Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing. 2002. ISBN 978-1-4051-0588-0.
Williams, Howel; Turner, Francis J.; Gilbert, Charlse M. Petrography: An introduction to the study of rocks in thin sections. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. 1954. ISBN 978-0-7167-0206-1.
The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). (2001) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Vol. 187 Initial Reports.[1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
十月 19, 2023
斑晶, phenocryst, 是一种早期形成, 相对较大且通常明显大于火成岩基质颗粒的晶体, 这种在晶体大小上有明显差异的岩石被称为斑岩, 使用形容词, 斑状, 来描述它们, 由于要么生长于岩浆内早期阶段, 要么是在成岩后再结晶, 因此, 通常具有自形形式, 一般情况下, 并不使用这一术语, 除非可直接观察到晶体, 有时声明直径需大于0, 5毫米, 低于该水平但仍大于基质晶体的称为微, 而非常大的则称为巨, 有些岩石中同时含有微和巨, 在变质岩中, 类似于的晶体称为变, 花岗岩通常有大长石, 这块花岗岩产自勃朗峰. 斑晶 phenocryst 是一种早期形成 相对较大且通常明显大于火成岩基质颗粒的晶体 这种在晶体大小上有明显差异的岩石被称为斑岩 使用形容词 斑状 来描述它们 由于斑晶要么生长于岩浆内早期阶段 要么是在成岩后再结晶 因此 通常具有自形形式 一般情况下 并不使用斑晶这一术语 除非可直接观察到晶体 有时声明直径需大于0 5毫米 1 低于该水平但仍大于基质晶体的斑晶称为微斑晶 而非常大的斑晶则称为巨斑晶 有些岩石中同时含有微斑晶和巨斑晶 2 在变质岩中 类似于斑晶的晶体称为变斑晶 花岗岩通常有大长石斑晶 这块花岗岩产自勃朗峰瑞士一侧 具有白色大斜长石斑晶 三斜晶系矿物 切开时呈梯形形状 1欧元硬币 直径2 3厘米 用于显示刻度 斑晶更多地出现在较轻 含二氧化硅更高 的火成岩中 如长英岩和安山岩 尽管它们出现在包括超基性岩在内的整个火成岩光谱中 在一些伟晶岩中发现的最大晶体通常是比其他矿物大得多的斑晶 目录 1 斑晶分类 2 利用斑晶的分析 2 1 其他特征 3 另请查看 4 备注 5 参考文献斑晶分类 编辑 nbsp 弗吉尼亚州蓝岭山脉始新世中期斑状隐晶质长英岩的显微照片 斜长石斑晶 白色 和角闪石斑晶 黑色 与斜长石共生 位于显示流状构造的斜长石板条的精细基质中 岩石可根据斑晶的性质 大小和丰度来进行分类 并在确定岩石名称时 往往会注意是否存在斑晶 无斑隐晶岩是指没有斑晶 3 或更多的是斑晶含量小于1 按体积计 的岩石 4 而有时形容词 斑岩的 phyric 被用来代替术语 斑状 以表示斑晶的存在 斑状岩的命名通常用矿物名来修饰 一般按矿物丰度递减的顺序来称呼 因此 当橄榄石在玄武岩中形成原生斑晶时 其名称可从玄武岩细化为 斑状橄榄石玄武岩 或 橄榄石斑状玄武岩 5 与此类似 以橄榄石为主要斑晶 但同时含少量斜长石斑晶的玄武岩可称为 橄榄石 斜长石斑岩玄武岩 在更复杂的命名法中 只约含1 斜长石斑晶 但含有4 橄榄石微斑晶的玄武岩可能被称为无斑隐晶质至疏晶质斜长石 橄榄石斑岩玄武岩 在此斜长石排在橄榄石之前 是因为其晶体更大 6 通常将一种岩石分类为无斑隐晶质 还是疏晶质斑岩所面临的问题是 是否含有大量超过最小尺寸的晶体 7 利用斑晶的分析 编辑地质学家利用斑晶来帮助确定岩石的起源和转变 因为晶体的形成部分取决于压力和温度 其他特征 编辑 斜长石斑晶通常表现出环带性 其钙质内核被逐渐增多的钠质外壳所包围 这种环带反映了岩浆成分随结晶过程产生的变化 8 如果晶体边缘显示出比晶体核芯更低的温度成分 则称为正环带 而逆环带描述了一种更不寻常的情况 即边缘显示出比核心更高的温度成分 振荡环带则显示低温和高温成分之间的周期波动 9 在奥长环斑花岗岩中 正长石斑晶被包裹在钠斜长石 如奥长石外壳内 在浅层侵入体或火山流中 喷发或浅层成岩前形成的斑晶被细粒至玻璃状的基质包围 这些火山斑晶通常显示流动条带 平行排列的条状晶体 这些特征为岩石的起源提供了线索 类似地 晶粒内微裂缝和晶体间的任何共生也提供了额外的线索 10 另请查看 编辑杏仁石备注 编辑 The minimum size boundary is arbitrary and not precise It is based upon observation and may vary depending upon whether technical aids such as a hand lens or a microscope are used or not One analyst used a 100 µm limit on the size of crystals as that was the minimum that could be point counted accurately by optical means Murphy M D Sparks R S J Barclay J Carroll M R Brewer T S Remobilization of andesite magma by intrusion of mafic magma at the Soufriere Hills Volcano Montserrat West Indies Journal of Petrology 2000 41 1 21 42 doi 10 1093 petrology 41 1 21 nbsp Smith George I Geology and Volcanic Petrology of the Lava Mountains San Bernardino County California United States Geological Survey professional paper 457 Washington D C United States Geological Survey 1964 39 OCLC 3598916 Gill Robin Igneous Rocks and Processes A Practical Guide Hoboken New Jersey Wiley 2011 34 ISBN 978 1 4443 3065 6 Some use a 1 boundary condition Sen Bibhas Sabale A B Sukumaran P V Lava channel of Khedrai Dam northeast of Nasik in western Deccan Volcanic province Detailed morphology and evidences of channel reactivation Journal of the Geological Society of India 2012 80 3 314 328 doi 10 1007 s12594 012 0150 8 and Ocean Drilling Program Texas A amp M University Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Part A Initial report 140 National Science Foundation U S 1991 52 while others suggest a limit of 5 Piccirillo E M Melford A J The Mesozoic Flood Volcanism of the Parana Basin Petrogenetic and Geophysical Aspects Sao Paulo Brazil Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto Astronomico e Geofisico 1988 49 ISBN 978 85 85047 04 7 and Moulton B J A et al Volcanology of the Felsic Volcanic Rocks of the Kidd Munro assemblage in Prosser and Muro Townships and Premininary Correlations with the Kidd Creek Deposit Abitibi Greenstone Belt Ontario Geological Survey of Canada Current Research No 2008 18 Ottawa Geological Survey of Canada 2008 19 ISBN 978 1 100 10649 6 Gill Robin Igneous Rocks and Processes A Practical Guide Hoboken New Jersey Wiley 2011 21 ISBN 978 1 4443 3065 6 Byerly Gary R Wright Thomas L Origin of major element chemical trends in DSDP Leg 37 basalts Mid Atlantic Ridge Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1978 3 3 229 279 doi 10 1016 0377 0273 78 90038 0 Gangopadhyay A M I T A V A Sen Gautam Keshav Shantanu Experimental Crystallization of Deccan Basalts at Low Pressure Effect of Contamination on Phase Equilibrium PDF Indian Journal of Geology 2003 75 1 4 54 2021 11 04 原始内容存档 PDF 于2010 06 15 Williams Howel Turner Francis J Gilbert Charles M Petrography An introduction to the study of rocks in thin sections San Francisco W H Freeman 1954 102 103 ISBN 978 0 7167 0206 1 Crystal zoning Oxford Reference Accessed 8 Aug 2020 https www oxfordreference com view 10 1093 oi authority 20110803095651756 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Cox S F Etheridge M A Crack seal fibre growth mechanisms and their significance in the development of oriented layer silicate microstructures Tectonophysics 1983 92 1 147 170 doi 10 1016 0040 1951 83 90088 4 参考文献 编辑Best Myron Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology second Oxford England Blackwell Publishing 2002 ISBN 978 1 4051 0588 0 Williams Howel Turner Francis J Gilbert Charlse M Petrography An introduction to the study of rocks in thin sections San Francisco W H Freeman 1954 ISBN 978 0 7167 0206 1 The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program IODP 2001 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Vol 187 Initial Reports 1 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 斑晶 amp oldid 78561113, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
