報告主要結果時必須一併報導效應值……如果測量值的單位在實際面上是有意義的（例如每人每日抽煙的香煙根數），則我們建議採用非標準化的效應值（例如迴歸係數或平均值差異）而不是標準化的效應值（例如相關係數）。 — L. Wilkinson and APA Task Force on Statistical Inference (1999, p. 599)
^Kelley, Ken; Preacher, Kristopher J. On Effect Size. Psychological Methods. 2012, 17 (2): 137–152. doi:10.1037/a0028086.
^Wilkinson, Leland; APA Task Force on Statistical Inference. Statistical methods in psychology journals: Guidelines and explanations. American Psychologist. 1999, 54 (8): 594–604. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.8.594.引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
^Nakagawa, Shinichi; Cuthill, Innes C. Effect size, confidence interval and statistical significance: a practical guide for biologists. Biological Reviews Cambridge Philosophical Society. 2007, 82 (4): 591–605. PMID 17944619. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00027.x.
^Ellis, Paul D. The Essential Guide to Effect Sizes: An Introduction to Statistical Power, Meta-Analysis and the Interpretation of Research Results. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 2010.
^Charach A, Dashti B, Carson P, et al. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Effectiveness of treatment in at-risk preschoolers; long-term effectiveness in all ages; and variability in prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment. AHRQ Publication No. 12-EHC003, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2011.
^Cohen, Jacob. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Routledge. 1988 [2019-03-29]. ISBN 978-1-134-74270-7. （原始内容于2019-08-11）.
延伸閱讀编辑
Aaron, B., Kromrey, J. D., & Ferron, J. M. (1998, November). Equating r-based and d-based effect-size indices: Problems with a commonly recommended formula. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Florida Educational Research Association, Orlando, FL. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED433353)
Bonett, D. G. Confidence intervals for standardized linear contrasts of means. Psychological Methods. 2008, 13: 99–109. doi:10.1037/1082-989x.13.2.99.
Bonett, D. G. Estimating standardized linear contrasts of means with desired precision. Psychological Methods. 2009, 14: 1–5. doi:10.1037/a0014270.
Brooks, M.E.; Dalal, D.K.; Nolan, K.P. Are common language effect sizes easier to understand than traditional effect sizes?. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2013. doi:10.1037/a0034745.
Cumming, G.; Finch, S. A primer on the understanding, use, and calculation of confidence intervals that are based on central and noncentral distributions. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 2001, 61: 530–572.
Imdadullah, M. (2014). Effect Size for dependent Sample t test. itfeature.com document on Effect Size for dependent Sample t test （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Kelley, K. Confidence intervals for standardized effect sizes: Theory, application, and implementation. Journal of Statistical Software. 2007, 20 (8): 1–24 [2016-11-14]. （原始内容于2015-09-13）.
Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA.
Sawilowsky, Shlomo S. (2003). A Different Future For Social And Behavioral Science Research, Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, Vol 2(1), 128-132.
Online calculator for computing different effect sizes like Cohen's d, r, q, f, d from dependent t tests and transformation of different measures of effect size （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
一月 24, 2024
效应值, 在統計學中, 效應值, 英語, effect, size, 或譯效果量, 是量化現象強度的數值, 效應值實際的統計量包括了兩個變數間的相關程度, 迴歸模型中的迴歸係數, 不同處理間平均值的差異, 等等, 無論哪種效應值, 其絕對值越大表示效應越強, 也就是現象越明顯, 效應值與特效检验的概念是互補的, 在估算統計檢定力, 需要的樣本數, 英语, sample, size, 與進行元分析時, 效應值經常扮演重要角色, 在研究結果中給出效應值被視為恰當的或必須的, 相對於統計學上的顯著性, 效應值有利於了解研. 在統計學中 效應值 英語 effect size 或譯效果量 是量化現象強度的數值 1 效應值實際的統計量包括了兩個變數間的相關程度 迴歸模型中的迴歸係數 不同處理間平均值的差異 等等 無論哪種效應值 其絕對值越大表示效應越強 也就是現象越明顯 效應值與特效检验的概念是互補的 在估算統計檢定力 需要的樣本數 英语 Sample size 與進行元分析時 效應值經常扮演重要角色 在研究結果中給出效應值被視為恰當的或必須的 2 3 相對於統計學上的顯著性 效應值有利於了解研究結果的強度 4 特別是在社會科學和醫學研究上 效應值更顯得重要 絕對與相對效應值可以傳遞不同的訊息 又可互相補充訊息 有個心理學的研究學會鼓勵學者給出效應值 報告主要結果時必須一併報導效應值 如果測量值的單位在實際面上是有意義的 例如每人每日抽煙的香煙根數 則我們建議採用非標準化的效應值 例如迴歸係數或平均值差異 而不是標準化的效應值 例如相關係數 L Wilkinson and APA Task Force on Statistical Inference 1999 p 599 在比較平均數的情況下 效應值經常指的就是實驗結束後 實驗組與對照組之間 標準化後的平均差異程度 依照慣例 效應值可解讀為以下幾個程度 效應值 d 5 r 6 較小 0 2 0 10中等 0 5 0 30較大 0 8 0 50參考文獻 编辑 Kelley Ken Preacher Kristopher J On Effect Size Psychological Methods 2012 17 2 137 152 doi 10 1037 a0028086 Wilkinson Leland APA Task Force on Statistical Inference Statistical methods in psychology journals Guidelines and explanations American Psychologist 1999 54 8 594 604 doi 10 1037 0003 066X 54 8 594 引文使用过时参数coauthors 帮助 Nakagawa Shinichi Cuthill Innes C Effect size confidence interval and statistical significance a practical guide for biologists Biological Reviews Cambridge Philosophical Society 2007 82 4 591 605 PMID 17944619 doi 10 1111 j 1469 185X 2007 00027 x Ellis Paul D The Essential Guide to Effect Sizes An Introduction to Statistical Power Meta Analysis and the Interpretation of Research Results United Kingdom Cambridge University Press 2010 Charach A Dashti B Carson P et al Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Effectiveness of treatment in at risk preschoolers long term effectiveness in all ages and variability in prevalence diagnosis and treatment AHRQ Publication No 12 EHC003 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2011 Cohen Jacob Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences Routledge 1988 2019 03 29 ISBN 978 1 134 74270 7 原始内容存档于2019 08 11 延伸閱讀 编辑Aaron B Kromrey J D amp Ferron J M 1998 November Equating r based and d based effect size indices Problems with a commonly recommended formula Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Florida Educational Research Association Orlando FL ERIC Document Reproduction Service No ED433353 Bonett D G Confidence intervals for standardized linear contrasts of means Psychological Methods 2008 13 99 109 doi 10 1037 1082 989x 13 2 99 Bonett D G Estimating standardized linear contrasts of means with desired precision Psychological Methods 2009 14 1 5 doi 10 1037 a0014270 Brooks M E Dalal D K Nolan K P Are common language effect sizes easier to understand than traditional effect sizes Journal of Applied Psychology 2013 doi 10 1037 a0034745 Cumming G Finch S A primer on the understanding use and calculation of confidence intervals that are based on central and noncentral distributions Educational and Psychological Measurement 2001 61 530 572 Imdadullah M 2014 Effect Size for dependent Sample t test itfeature com document on Effect Size for dependent Sample t test 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Kelley K Confidence intervals for standardized effect sizes Theory application and implementation Journal of Statistical Software 2007 20 8 1 24 2016 11 14 原始内容存档于2015 09 13 Lipsey M W amp Wilson D B 2001 Practical meta analysis Sage Thousand Oaks CA Sawilowsky Shlomo S 2003 A Different Future For Social And Behavioral Science Research Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods Vol 2 1 128 132 外部連結 编辑維基學院中的相關研究或學習資源 效应值線上應用 Copylefted Effect Size Confidence Interval R Code with RWeb service for t test ANOVA regression and RMSEA Online calculator for computing different effect sizes like Cohen s d r q f d from dependent t tests and transformation of different measures of effect size 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 效应值 amp oldid 77723344, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
