^Pavel Kuzenkov. "How Old is The World?: The Byzantine Era and its Rivals". Institute for World History, Moscow, Russia. In: Elizabeth Jeffreys, Fiona K. Haarer, Judith Gilliland. Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies: London, 21–26 August 2006: Vol. 3, Abstracts of Communications. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006. pp. 23–24.
^（希臘語） "Οικουμενικόν Πατριαρχείον", ΘΗΕ, τόμ. 09, εκδ. Μαρτίνος Αθ., Αθήνα 1966, στ. 778. （英語） "Ecumenical Patriarchate". Religious and Ethical Encyclopedia. Vol. 9., Athens, 1966. p. 778.
外部鏈接编辑
Main feasts and commemorations. Orthodox Church of America. [2018-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-09）.
Calendar Era: Late Antiquity and Middle Ages: Christian era at SMSO Encyclopedia (Saudi Medical Site Online).
Howlett, J. Biblical Chronology. In, The Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent). New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908.
Doukas（英语：Doukas）. Decline and Fall of Byzantium To The Ottoman Turks. An Annotated Translation by Harry J. Magoulias. Wayne State University Press, 1975.
George Syncellus（英语：George Syncellus）. The Chronography of George Synkellos: a Byzantine Chronicle of Universal History from the Creation. Transl. Prof. Dr. William Adler & Paul Tuffin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
阿伯拉罕·伊本·埃茲拉, Abraham ben Meïr, (1092–1167). Ibn Ezra's Commentary on the Pentateuch: Genesis (Bereshit). (Vol.1 – Genesis). Transl. and annotated by H. Norman Strickman & Arthur M. Silver. Menorah Pub. Co., New York, N.Y., 1988.
塞克斯图斯·尤利乌斯·阿非利加努斯. Extant Writings III. The Extant Fragments of the Five Books of the Chronography of Julius Africanus.
尼基塔斯·霍尼亚提斯. O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates. Transl. by Harry J. Magoulias. Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1984.
St. 該撒利亞的巴西流. Hexæmeron. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, 2nd Series (NPNF2). Transl. Philip Schaff, D.D., LL.D. (1819–1893): Volume VIII – Basil: Letters and Select Works. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, Michigan.
The Rudder (Pedalion): Comp. Hieromonk Agapius and monk Nicodemus the Hagiorite（英语：Nicodemus the Hagiorite）. First printed and published 1800. Trans. D. Cummings, [from the 5th edition published by John Nicolaides (Kesisoglou the Caesarian) in Athens, Greece in 1908], Chicago: The Orthodox Christian Educational Society, 1957. Repr., New York, N.Y.: Luna Printing Co., 1983.
宣信者狄奧法內斯. The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor: Byzantine and Near Eastern History, AD 284–813. Cyril Mango, Roger Scott, Geoffrey Greatrex (Eds.). Oxford University Press, 1997.
安条克的狄奥菲鲁斯. Theophilus of Antioch to Autolycus. Book III. Chap XXIV (Chronology from Adam) – Chap. XXVIII (Leading Chronological Epochs).
二手來源编辑
21世紀
Anthony Bryer. "Chronology and Dating". In: Elizabeth Jeffreys, John Haldon, Robin Cormack . The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies. Oxford University Press, 2008. pp. 31–37.
Dr. Iaakov Karcz. "Implications of some early Jewish sources for estimates of earthquake hazard in the Holy Land". Annals of Geophysics, Vol. 47, N. 2/3, April/June 2004.
Fr. Patrick Henry Reardon. Creation and the Patriarchal Histories: Orthodox Christian Reflections on the Book of Genesis. Conciliar Press, 2008.
Fr. Seraphim Rose（英语：Seraphim Rose）. GENESIS, CREATION and EARLY MAN: The Orthodox Christian Vision. St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, Platina, California, 2000.
Frederick Deland Leete. Christian Brotherhoods. Kessinger Publishing, 2003.
Paul James-Griffiths. Creation days and Orthodox Jewish Tradition. AnswersinGenesis.org. March 2004.
Paul Stephenson. "Translations from Byzantine Sources: The Imperial Centuries, c.700–1204: ". November 2006.
Pavel Kuzenkov. . 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London 2006.
Prof. Charles Ellis (University of Bristol). "Russian Calendar (988–1917)". The Literary Encyclopedia. 25 September 2008.
Prof. Dr. . "Time." In Daily Life in the Byzantine Empire. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006. pp. 3–8.
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis. "". September 8, 2007.
Prof. Dr. Roger T. Beckwith (D.D., D.Litt.). Calendar, Chronology, and Worship: Studies in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity. Brill Academic Publishers, 2005. (Dr Beckwith served for twenty years on the Anglican-Orthodox Commission).
The 正教研習本聖經. St. Athanasius Academy of Orthodox Theology. Elk Grove, California, 2008.
20世紀
Barry Setterfield. Ancient Chronology in Scripture. September 1999.
Dr. . "Biblical Chronology in the Hellenistic World Chronicles". in The Harvard Theological Review, Vol.61, No.3 (Jul., 1968), pp. 451–481.
Dr. . Essays on Jewish Chronology and Chronography. Ktav Pub. House, 1976.
Dr. Floyd Nolan Jones. Chronology of the Old Testament. Master Books, Arizona, 1993. Repr. 2005. (supports Ussher's chronology, i.e. 4004 BC).
E.G. Richards. Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History. Oxford University Press, 1998.
Elias J. Bickerman. Chronology of the Ancient World. 2nd edition. Cornell University Press. 1980.
Fr. Stanley S. Harakas. The Orthodox Church: 455 Questions and Answers. Light & Life Publishing, Minneapolis, 1988.
George Ogg. "Hippolytus and the Introduction of the Christian Era". in Vigiliae Christianae, Vol.16, No.1 (Mar., 1962), pp. 2–18.
Howlett, J. "Biblical Chronology". In The Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent). New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908.
Jack Finegan. Handbook of Biblical Chronology: Principles of Time Reckoning in the Ancient World and Problems of Chronology in the Bible. Hendrickson Publishers, 1998.
Prof. Dr. William Adler. Time Immemorial: Archaic History and its Sources in Christian Chronography from Julius Africanus to George Syncellus. Washington, D.C. : Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1989.
K.A. Worp. Chronological Observations on Later Byzantine Documents. 1985. University of Amsterdam.
Foss, Clive. "Three Apparent Early Examples of the Era of Creation". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bd. 31 (1978), pp. 241–246.
Roger S. Bagnall, K. A. Worp. The Chronological Systems of Byzantine Egypt. Zutphen, 1978.
V. Grumel. La Chronologie. Presses Universitaires France, Paris. 1958.
Rev. Philip Schaff (1819–1893), Ed. "Era." Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge New Edition, 13 Vols., 1908–14. Vol. 4, pp. 163.
Van der Essen, L. "Chronicon Paschale". In The Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent). New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908.
Yiannis E. Meimaris. Chronological Systems in Roman-Byzantine Palestine and Arabia. Athens, 1992.
19世紀以及更早
John McClintock, James Strong. Cyclopedia of Biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical literature: Supplement. V.2. Harper, 1887.
Prof. Fr. Arsenius John Baptist Vuibert (Society of Saint-Sulpice（英语：Society of Saint-Sulpice）). An Ancient History: From the Creation to the Fall of the Western Empire in A.D. 476. Baltimore: Foley, 1886.
Samuel Abraham Poznański（英语：Samuel Abraham Poznański）. "Ben Meir and the Origin of the Jewish Calendar". in The Jewish Quarterly Review, Vol. 10, No. 1 (Oct., 1897), pp. 152–161.
Sir 托马斯·布朗. Pseudodoxia Epidemica: Book VI. Ch. 1 – Of sundry common opinions Cosmographical and Historical. 1646; 6th ed., 1672. pp. 321–330.
The Popular Encyclopedia: being a general dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, biography, history, and political economy. (Vol. 3, Part 1). Glasgow: Blackie and Son, 1841.
Thomas Spencer Baynes. "Chronology: Era of the Creation of the World.” The Encyclopædia Britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literature. 9th Ed., Vol. 5. A. & C. Black, 1833. pp. 709–754.
一月 01, 1970
拜占庭历, 是一套拜占庭, 东罗马, 帝国与东正教会历史上使用过的历法, 历史上被称作, 自创世以来的罗马年, 古希臘語, Ἔτη, Γενέσεως, Κόσμου, κατὰ, Ῥωμαίους, 创世年, 古希腊语, Ἔτος, Κτίσεως, Κόσμου, 世界年, 古希腊语, Ἔτος, Κόσμου, 东正教的普世牧首辖区于约公元691年至1728年, 拜占庭帝国官方于988年, 1453年, 罗斯诸国于约988年, 约1700年使用这套历法, 其他受拜占庭影响较大的国家, 如塞尔维亚, 保加利亚历. 拜占庭历是一套拜占庭 东罗马 帝国与东正教会历史上使用过的历法 历史上被称作 自创世以来的罗马年 古希臘語 Ἔth Genesews Kosmoy katὰ Ῥwmaioys 1 或 创世年 古希腊语 Ἔtos Ktisews Kosmoy 或 世界年 古希腊语 Ἔtos Kosmoy 东正教的普世牧首辖区于约公元691年至1728年 2 拜占庭帝国官方于988年 1453年 罗斯诸国于约988年 约1700年使用这套历法 其他受拜占庭影响较大的国家 如塞尔维亚 保加利亚历史上也曾使用这种历法 这套历法与儒略历基本相同 主要区别有两点 一是以每年9月1日为新年第一天 纪年法则采用世界纪元 即以上帝创世的第一天为纪年之始 拜占庭宗教界以 旧约圣经 七十士译本中的记载为基础推算的上帝创世之年相当于公元前5509年 拜占庭历的第一年为前5509年9月1日 前5508年8月31日 目录 1 來源 2 外部鏈接 3 更多閱讀 3 1 一手來源 3 2 二手來源來源 编辑 Pavel Kuzenkov How Old is The World The Byzantine Era and its Rivals Institute for World History Moscow Russia In Elizabeth Jeffreys Fiona K Haarer Judith Gilliland Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies London 21 26 August 2006 Vol 3 Abstracts of Communications Ashgate Publishing Ltd 2006 pp 23 24 希臘語 Oikoymenikon Patriarxeion 8HE tom 09 ekd Martinos A8 A8hna 1966 st 778 英語 Ecumenical Patriarchate Religious and Ethical Encyclopedia Vol 9 Athens 1966 p 778 外部鏈接 编辑Main feasts and commemorations Orthodox Church of America 2018 10 09 原始内容存档于2018 10 09 Byzantine ways of reckoning time Calendar Era Late Antiquity and Middle Ages Christian era at SMSO Encyclopedia Saudi Medical Site Online Howlett J Biblical Chronology In The Catholic Encyclopedia New Advent New York Robert Appleton Company 1908 Chronology of the Biblical Patriarchs Church Calendar at Orthodoxwiki Hebrew calendar The Era of the Creation at Jewish Encyclopedia The Jewish Calendar by Karl Hagen medievalist 更多閱讀 编辑一手來源 编辑 Doukas 英语 Doukas Decline and Fall of Byzantium To The Ottoman Turks An Annotated Translation by Harry J Magoulias Wayne State University Press 1975 George Syncellus 英语 George Syncellus The Chronography of George Synkellos a Byzantine Chronicle of Universal History from the Creation Transl Prof Dr William Adler amp Paul Tuffin Oxford Oxford University Press 2002 阿伯拉罕 伊本 埃茲拉 Abraham ben Meir 1092 1167 Ibn Ezra s Commentary on the Pentateuch Genesis Bereshit Vol 1 Genesis Transl and annotated by H Norman Strickman amp Arthur M Silver Menorah Pub Co New York N Y 1988 塞克斯图斯 尤利乌斯 阿非利加努斯 Extant Writings III The Extant Fragments of the Five Books of the Chronography of Julius Africanus 尼基塔斯 霍尼亚提斯 O City of Byzantium Annals of Niketas Choniates Transl by Harry J Magoulias Wayne State University Press Detroit 1984 老普林尼 博物志 老普林尼 XVIII 210 St 該撒利亞的巴西流 Hexaemeron Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church 2nd Series NPNF2 Transl Philip Schaff D D LL D 1819 1893 Volume VIII Basil Letters and Select Works Wm B Eerdmans Publishing Co Grand Rapids Michigan St 普瓦捷的依拉略 On the Trinity Book IV The Rudder Pedalion Comp Hieromonk Agapius and monk Nicodemus the Hagiorite 英语 Nicodemus the Hagiorite First printed and published 1800 Trans D Cummings from the 5th edition published by John Nicolaides Kesisoglou the Caesarian in Athens Greece in 1908 Chicago The Orthodox Christian Educational Society 1957 Repr New York N Y Luna Printing Co 1983 宣信者狄奧法內斯 The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor Byzantine and Near Eastern History AD 284 813 Cyril Mango Roger Scott Geoffrey Greatrex Eds Oxford University Press 1997 安条克的狄奥菲鲁斯 Theophilus of Antioch to Autolycus Book III Chap XXIV Chronology from Adam Chap XXVIII Leading Chronological Epochs 二手來源 编辑 21世紀 Anthony Bryer Chronology and Dating In Elizabeth Jeffreys John Haldon Robin Cormack The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies Oxford University Press 2008 pp 31 37 Dr Iaakov Karcz Implications of some early Jewish sources for estimates of earthquake hazard in the Holy Land Annals of Geophysics Vol 47 N 2 3 April June 2004 Fr Patrick Henry Reardon Creation and the Patriarchal Histories Orthodox Christian Reflections on the Book of Genesis Conciliar Press 2008 Fr Seraphim Rose 英语 Seraphim Rose GENESIS CREATION and EARLY MAN The Orthodox Christian Vision St Herman of Alaska Brotherhood Platina California 2000 Frederick Deland Leete Christian Brotherhoods Kessinger Publishing 2003 Paul James Griffiths Creation days and Orthodox Jewish Tradition AnswersinGenesis org March 2004 Paul Stephenson Translations from Byzantine Sources The Imperial Centuries c 700 1204 John Skylitzes Synopsis Historion The Year 6508 in the 13th Indiction the Byzantine dating system November 2006 Pavel Kuzenkov How old is the World The Byzantine era kata Rwmaioys and its rivals 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies London 2006 Prof Charles Ellis University of Bristol Russian Calendar 988 1917 The Literary Encyclopedia 25 September 2008 Prof Dr Marcus Louis Rautman Time In Daily Life in the Byzantine Empire Greenwood Publishing Group 2006 pp 3 8 Prof Dr Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis Gueze Ethiopian the Counterfeit Millennium September 8 2007 Prof Dr Roger T Beckwith D D D Litt Calendar Chronology and Worship Studies in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity Brill Academic Publishers 2005 Dr Beckwith served for twenty years on the Anglican Orthodox Commission The 正教研習本聖經 St Athanasius Academy of Orthodox Theology Elk Grove California 2008 20世紀 Barry Setterfield Ancient Chronology in Scripture September 1999 nbsp Chisholm Hugh 编 Chronology Encyclopaedia Britannica 6 第11版 London Cambridge University Press 305 318 1911 Dr Ben Zion Wacholder Biblical Chronology in the Hellenistic World Chronicles in The Harvard Theological Review Vol 61 No 3 Jul 1968 pp 451 481 Dr Ben Zion Wacholder Essays on Jewish Chronology and Chronography Ktav Pub House 1976 Dr Floyd Nolan Jones Chronology of the Old Testament Master Books Arizona 1993 Repr 2005 supports Ussher s chronology i e 4004 BC E G Richards Mapping Time The Calendar and its History Oxford University Press 1998 Elias J Bickerman Chronology of the Ancient World 2nd edition Cornell University Press 1980 Fr Stanley S Harakas The Orthodox Church 455 Questions and Answers Light amp Life Publishing Minneapolis 1988 George Ogg Hippolytus and the Introduction of the Christian Era in Vigiliae Christianae Vol 16 No 1 Mar 1962 pp 2 18 Howlett J Biblical Chronology In The Catholic Encyclopedia New Advent New York Robert Appleton Company 1908 Jack Finegan Handbook of Biblical Chronology Principles of Time Reckoning in the Ancient World and Problems of Chronology in the Bible Hendrickson Publishers 1998 Prof Dr William Adler Time Immemorial Archaic History and its Sources in Christian Chronography from Julius Africanus to George Syncellus Washington D C Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection 1989 K A Worp Chronological Observations on Later Byzantine Documents 1985 University of Amsterdam Foss Clive Three Apparent Early Examples of the Era of Creation Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik Bd 31 1978 pp 241 246 Roger S Bagnall K A Worp The Chronological Systems of Byzantine Egypt Zutphen 1978 V Grumel La Chronologie Presses Universitaires France Paris 1958 Rev Philip Schaff 1819 1893 Ed Era Schaff Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge New Edition 13 Vols 1908 14 Vol 4 pp 163 Van der Essen L Chronicon Paschale In The Catholic Encyclopedia New Advent New York Robert Appleton Company 1908 Yiannis E Meimaris Chronological Systems in Roman Byzantine Palestine and Arabia Athens 1992 19世紀以及更早 John McClintock James Strong Cyclopedia of Biblical theological and ecclesiastical literature Supplement V 2 Harper 1887 Prof Fr Arsenius John Baptist Vuibert Society of Saint Sulpice 英语 Society of Saint Sulpice An Ancient History From the Creation to the Fall of the Western Empire in A D 476 Baltimore Foley 1886 Samuel Abraham Poznanski 英语 Samuel Abraham Poznanski Ben Meir and the Origin of the Jewish Calendar in The Jewish Quarterly Review Vol 10 No 1 Oct 1897 pp 152 161 Sir 托马斯 布朗 Pseudodoxia Epidemica Book VI Ch 1 Of sundry common opinions Cosmographical and Historical 1646 6th ed 1672 pp 321 330 The Popular Encyclopedia being a general dictionary of arts sciences literature biography history and political economy Vol 3 Part 1 Glasgow Blackie and Son 1841 Thomas Spencer Baynes Chronology Era of the Creation of the World The Encyclopaedia Britannica a dictionary of arts sciences and general literature 9th Ed Vol 5 A amp C Black 1833 pp 709 754 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 拜占庭历 amp oldid 82616920, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
