维基百科
弗拉芒利益
弗拉芒利益（荷兰语：Vlaams Belang），比利时荷兰语极右翼政党，成立于2004年。由于其种族主义及反移民的言行，所有其他比利时荷语区及法語區均宣称不会在联合政府中与其合作。
弗拉芒利益 Vlaams Belang | |
|---|---|
| 领袖 | 布魯諾·瓦克尼耶 |
| 成立 | 2004年11月14日 |
| 前身 | 弗拉芒集團 |
| 总部 | Madouplein 8 bus 9 1210 Brussels |
| 青年组织 | Vlaams Belang Jongeren |
| 意識形態 | 弗拉芒民族主義[1][2] 分離主義[1][2] 民族保守主義[3] 社会保守主义[4] 歐洲懷疑主義[5] 右翼民粹主義[2][6] |
| 政治立場 | 右翼[7]至极右翼[8] |
| 歐洲議會黨團 | 無所屬 |
| 官方色彩 | 黃色、黑色 |
| 眾議院 | 12 / 150 |
| 參議院 | 3 / 40 |
| 弗拉芒議會 | 20 / 124 |
| 布鲁塞尔-首都大区议会 | 3 / 89 |
| 歐洲議會 | 2 / 22 |
| 党旗 | |
| 官方网站 | |
| www.vlaamsbelang.org | |
| 比利時政治 政党 · 选举 | |
1978年12月，弗拉芒国家党与弗拉芒人民党合并为弗拉芒集团（Vlaams Blok）。2004年，更名为弗拉芒利益党。现任党主席布鲁诺·瓦克尼耶（Mr. Bruno Valkeniers）
书目
- Coffé, Hilde. The adaptation of the extreme right's discourse: the case of the Vlaams Blok. Ethical Perspectives: Journal of the European Ethics Network 12 (European Centre for Ethics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven). 2005, (2): 205–230 [2019-10-18]. （原始内容于2012-02-29）.
- De Winter, Lieven. Casals, Xavier , 编. The Vlaams Blok and the heritage of extreme-right flemish-nationalism (PDF). The extreme right in Europe, a many faceted reality. Sabadell University. July 2004 [2020-10-09]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2017-02-06）.
- Erik, Jan. From Vlaams Blok to Vlaams Belang: The Belgian Far-Right Renames Itself. West European Politics. May 2005, 28 (3): 493–502. doi:10.1080/01402380500085681.
- Swyngedouw, Marc; Abts, Koen; Van Craaen, Maarten. Our Own People First in a Europe of Peoples: The International Policy of the Vlaams Blok. Liang, Christina Schori (编). Europe for the Europeans: the foreign and security policy of the populist radical right. Ashgate. 2007: 81–102 [2019-10-18]. ISBN 978-0-7546-4851-2. （原始内容于2016-12-28）.
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Wingfield, George. Belgium. Infobase Publishing. 2008: 104 [2011-12-18]. ISBN 9780791096703. （原始内容于2014-07-07）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nordsieck, Wolfram. Flanders/Belgium. Parties and Elections in Europe. 2019 [2019-05-30]. （原始内容于2019-08-31）.
- ^ Thompson, Wayne C. Western Europe 2008. Stryker Post Pubns. 2008: 201. ISBN 9781887985987.
- ^ Bèland, Daniel. Nationalism and Social Policy. Oxford University Press. 2008: 196.
- ^ Belgians' pride in EU role quells euroscepticism （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. EUobserver. Published 6 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ Hans-Jürgen Bieling. Uneven development and 'European crisis constitutionalism', or the reasons for and conditions of a 'passive revolution in trouble'. Johannes Jäger; Elisabeth Springler (编). Asymmetric Crisis in Europe and Possible Futures: Critical Political Economy and Post-Keynesian Perspectives. Routledge. 2015: 110 [2020-05-25]. ISBN 978-1-317-65298-4. （原始内容于2016-06-10）.
- ^ Political Geography （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
p.145
Google Books.
Authors - Joe Painter and Alex Jeffery.
Published by Sage in Los Angeles, United States.
First published in 2009. - ^
- Art, David. Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2011: 106–107.
- Coffé, Hilde; Dewulf, Jeroen. Wavering between Radical and Moderate: The Discourse of the Vlaams Belang in Flanders (Belgium). Doublespeak: The Rhetoric of the Far Right since 1945 (ibidem). 2014: 162–163.
- Downs, William M. Political Extremism in Democracies: Combating Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012: 6, 85.
- Erk, Jan. From Vlaams Blok to Vlaams Belang: The Belgian Far-Right Renames Itself. West European Politics. 2005, 28 (3): 493–502. doi:10.1080/01402380500085681.
- Hainsworth, Paul. The Extreme Right in Western Europe. Routledge. 2008: 6.
- Jamin, Jérôme. Extreme-Right Discourse in Belgium: A Comparative Regional Approach. Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe: From Local to Transnational (Routledge). 2012: 68.
- Laible, Janet. 'Back to the Future' with Vlaams Belang? Flemish Nationalism as a Modernizing Project in a Post-Modern European Union. Multiplicity of Nationalism in Contemporary Europe (Lexington Books). 2010: 136, 142.
- Leman, Johan. 'Flemish Interest' (VB) and Islamophobia: Political, legal and judicial dealings. From the Far Right to the Mainstream: Islamophobia in Party Politics and the Media (Campus Verlag). 2012: 69–90.
- Vogt, Roland. Belgium: A Nation-State without a National Identity?. European National Identities: Elements, Transitions, Conflicts (Transaction). 2014: 14.