^Apprenticeship indenture. Cambridge University Library Archives (Luard 179/9). March 18, 1642 [2015-01-08]. （原始内容于2019-05-21）.
^. Cambridge St Edward Parish Church archives (KP28/14/2). [2009-12-07]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-13）.
^Smith, Adam. . London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell. 1776 [2015-01-08]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-08）.
擴展閱讀
Modern Apprenticeships: the way to work, The Report of the Modern Apprenticeship Advisory Committee, 2001
Apprenticeship in the British "Training Market", Paul Ryan and Lorna Unwin, University of Cambridge and University of Leicester, 2001 [2]（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Creating a ‘Modern Apprenticeship’: a critique of the UK’s multi-sector, social inclusion approach Alison Fuller and Lorna Unwin, 2003 (pdf)（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Apprenticeship systems in England and Germany: decline and survival. Thomas Deissinger in: Towards a history of vocational education and training (VET) in Europe in a comparative perspective, 2002
European vocational training systems: the theoretical context of historical development. Wolf-Dietrich Greinert, 2002 in Towards a history of vocational education and training (VET) in Europe in a comparative perspective.
Apprenticeships in the UK- their design, development and implementation, Miranda E Pye, Keith C Pye, Dr Emma Wisby, Sector Skills Development Agency, 2004
L’apprentissage a changé, c’est le moment d’y penser !, Ministère de l’emploi, du travail et de la cohésion sociale, 2005
Learning on the Shop Floor: Historical Perspectives on Apprenticeship, Bert De Munck, Steven L. Kaplan, Hugo Soly. Berghahn Books, 2007. (Preview on Google books)（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
"The social production of technical work: the case of British engineers" Peter Whalley, SUNY Press 1986.
"Apprenticeship in the ‘golden age’: were youth transitions really smooth and unproblematic back then?", Sarah A.Vickerstaff, University of Kent, UK, 2003
"The Higher Apprenticeship (HA) in Engineering Technology"; The Sector Skills Council for Science, Engineering and Manufacturing technologies, UK, 2008
學徒, 是開始從事某種手藝活的實習者, 通過給僱主當, 他們可以獲得相應的就業憑證和經驗, 或者得到僱主續約, 從畢業的人就會成為熟練工人, 其性質和現代更常見的實習生相似, 不同地區不同時代的期也不同, 從三年至七年都有, 旧式学徒通常会雇主之间形成一定的人身依附关系, 中世紀烤麵包師和他的, 波德林圖書館藏, 鞋匠和他的学徒, 目录, 歷史, 另見, 參考文獻, 擴展閱讀, 外部連結歷史, 编辑系統出現在中世紀晚期, 受同業公會和當地政府的監督, 一名手藝好的業內大師是的僱主, 他為提供食宿和培訓, 以此換取廉. 學徒是開始從事某種手藝活的實習者 通過給僱主當學徒 他們可以獲得相應的就業憑證和經驗 或者得到僱主續約 從學徒畢業的人就會成為熟練工人 其性質和現代更常見的實習生相似 不同地區不同時代的學徒期也不同 從三年至七年都有 旧式学徒通常会雇主之间形成一定的人身依附关系 中世紀烤麵包師和他的學徒 波德林圖書館藏 鞋匠和他的学徒 目录 1 歷史 2 另見 3 參考文獻 4 擴展閱讀 5 外部連結歷史 编辑學徒系統出現在中世紀晚期 受同業公會和當地政府的監督 一名手藝好的業內大師是學徒的僱主 他為學徒提供食宿和培訓 以此換取廉價的勞動力 大多數的學徒都是男性 但像皮匠 裁縫師和麵包師這樣的職業中就會有女性學徒 1 2 他們在十到十五歲時成為學徒 在完成七年左右的學徒合同之後就可能對此領域有相當的熟悉程度了 但要在業內佔據一席之地或許還要經歷熟練工時期并成立自己的作坊 後來一些大學也開始使用學徒系統培訓學者 根據亞當 斯密的說法 像研究生這樣需要導師監督的學位原來就算是學徒的一種 另一方面 當時一些古老城鎮會使用University of smiths 鐵匠協會 University of tailors 裁縫協會 等名稱來指代這些行業工會組織 3 另見 编辑師徒參考文獻 编辑 Apprenticeship indenture Cambridge University Library Archives Luard 179 9 March 18 1642 2015 01 08 原始内容存档于2019 05 21 Apprenticeship indentures 1604 1697 Cambridge St Edward Parish Church archives KP28 14 2 2009 12 07 原始内容存档于2011 08 13 Smith Adam Wealth of Nations An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of The Wealth of Nations London W Strahan and T Cadell 1776 2015 01 08 原始内容存档于2015 01 08 擴展閱讀 编辑Modern Apprenticeships the way to work The Report of the Modern Apprenticeship Advisory Committee 2001 1 Apprenticeship in the British Training Market Paul Ryan and Lorna Unwin University of Cambridge and University of Leicester 2001 2 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Creating a Modern Apprenticeship a critique of the UK s multi sector social inclusion approach Alison Fuller and Lorna Unwin 2003 pdf 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Apprenticeship systems in England and Germany decline and survival Thomas Deissinger in Towards a history of vocational education and training VET in Europe in a comparative perspective 2002 pdf European vocational training systems the theoretical context of historical development Wolf Dietrich Greinert 2002 in Towards a history of vocational education and training VET in Europe in a comparative perspective pdf Apprenticeships in the UK their design development and implementation Miranda E Pye Keith C Pye Dr Emma Wisby Sector Skills Development Agency 2004 pdf L apprentissage a change c est le moment d y penser Ministere de l emploi du travail et de la cohesion sociale 2005 Learning on the Shop Floor Historical Perspectives on Apprenticeship Bert De Munck Steven L Kaplan Hugo Soly Berghahn Books 2007 Preview on Google books 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 The social production of technical work the case of British engineers Peter Whalley SUNY Press 1986 Apprenticeship in the golden age were youth transitions really smooth and unproblematic back then Sarah A Vickerstaff University of Kent UK 2003 The Higher Apprenticeship HA in Engineering Technology The Sector Skills Council for Science Engineering and Manufacturing technologies UK 2008外部連結 编辑Facts about Germany Apprenticeships Federal Foreign Office L Apprenti in French 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 The Construction Chart Book The U S Construction Industry and Its Workers 5th Edition 2013 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 學徒 amp oldid 67561496, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
