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维基百科

外貌吸引力

外貌吸引力,或稱外表吸引力體征美身體吸引力等,是一個人的身體特徵(或外貌)被認為令人愉悅或美麗。該術語通常暗示性吸引力等,但也可以指涉其他方面。有很多因素會影響一個人對另一個人的吸引力,身體方面就是其中之一,這在不同文化的族群中普遍存在,例如面部對稱性(英語:Facial symmetry)[1]、社會文化相關屬性和特定個體獨有的個人偏好[2]

在許多情況下,人類下意識地將積極的特徵,如智力誠實,與外表有吸引力的人聯繫起來。[3] 在美國和英國的研究發現,男性的智力和外表吸引力之間的關聯比女性更強。[4] 演化心理學者試圖回答為什麼身體上更有吸引力的人平均也應該更聰明,並提出了一般智力和身體吸引力都可能是潛在適應度的概念。[4] 一個人的身體特徵可以發出生育能力和健康狀態的信號[5][6]統計模型研究表明,反映生理健康方面的面部形狀變量,包括身體脂肪和血壓,也會影響觀察者對健康的看法。[7] 關注這些因素會增加繁殖成功率,進一步提高一個人的基因在人群中的代表性[8]

平均而言,異性戀男性往往會被外表年輕且具有對稱面孔[9]、豐滿乳房和低腰臀比等特徵的女性所吸引。[10][11] 平均而言,異性戀女性經常會被身高比自己高的男性所吸引,這些男性表現出高度的面部對稱性、男性化的面部異形、上半身力量、寬肩、相對較窄的腰部和 V 形軀幹。[12][13][14][15]

参考文献 编辑

  1. ^ Grammer K, Thornhill R. Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness and sexual selection: the role of symmetry and averageness. Journal of Comparative Psychology. October 1994, 108 (3): 233–42 [4 May 2019]. PMID 7924253. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.108.3.233. 
  2. ^ Zeigler-Hill V, L M Welling L, Shackelford TK. Evolutionary Perspectives on Social Psychology. United States: Springer Science+Business Media. 2015: 329. ISBN 978-3-319-12697-5. ...why, despite broad agreement, we see a wide variety of personal preferences. 
  3. ^ Dion K, Berscheid E, Walster E. What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. December 1972, 24 (3): 285–90. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.521.9955 . PMID 4655540. doi:10.1037/h0033731. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Kanazawa S. Intelligence and physical attractiveness. Intelligence. 2011, 39 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2010.11.003. 
  5. ^ Stephen ID, Tan KW. Healthy body, healthy face? Evolutionary approaches to health perception.. Sheppard E, Haque S (编). Culture and Cognition: A Collection of Critical Essays.. Peter Lang International Publishers. 2015. 
  6. ^ Brown WM, Price ME, Kang J, Pound N, Zhao Y, Yu H. Fluctuating asymmetry and preferences for sex-typical bodily characteristics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. September 2008, 105 (35): 12938–43. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10512938B. PMC 2529114 . PMID 18711125. doi:10.1073/pnas.0710420105 . 
  7. ^ Stephen ID, Hiew V, Coetzee V, Tiddeman BP, Perrett DI. Facial Shape Analysis Identifies Valid Cues to Aspects of Physiological Health in Caucasian, Asian, and African Populations. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017, 8: 1883. PMC 5670498 . PMID 29163270. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01883  (英语). 
  8. ^ Barelds-Dijkstra P, Barelds DP. Positive illusions about one's partner's physical attractiveness. Body Image. March 2008, 5 (1): 99–108. PMID 18405868. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.07.004. 
  9. ^ Briscoe J. Haven't I seen you somewhere before?. The Guardian (London). January 17, 2004 [July 15, 2011]. (原始内容于2022-04-19). Evolutionary psychologists claim there is an underlying standard script for beauty – a foundation for what we find appealing that transcends culture and ethnicity. There are various absolutes. For instance, to judge someone beautiful, the eye requires symmetry 
  10. ^ Fisher, Maryanne L. The Oxford Handbook of Women and Competition. Oxford University Press. 2017: 603 [2021-12-20]. ISBN 978-0-19-937639-1. (原始内容于2022-04-19) (英语). 
  11. ^ Nettle D. Women's height, reproductive success and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in modern humans (PDF). Proceedings. Biological Sciences. September 2002, 269 (1503): 1919–23 [2021-12-06]. PMC 1691114 . PMID 12350254. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2111. (原始内容 (PDF)于2008-12-30). 
  12. ^ Glassenberg AN, Feinberg DR, Jones BC, Little AC, Debruine LM. Sex-dimorphic face shape preference in heterosexual and homosexual men and women. Archives of Sexual Behavior. December 2010, 39 (6): 1289–96. PMID 19830539. S2CID 25066289. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9559-6. 
  13. ^ Perrett DI, Lee KJ, Penton-Voak I, Rowland D, Yoshikawa S, Burt DM, Henzi SP, Castles DL, Akamatsu S. Effects of sexual dimorphism on facial attractiveness. Nature. August 1998, 394 (6696): 884–87. Bibcode:1998Natur.394..884P. PMID 9732869. S2CID 204999982. doi:10.1038/29772. 
  14. ^ Sell A, Lukazsweski AW, Townsley M. Cues of upper body strength account for most of the variance in men's bodily attractiveness. Proceedings. Biological Sciences. December 2017, 284 (1869): 20171819. PMC 5745404 . PMID 29237852. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.1819. 
  15. ^ Mautz BS, Wong BB, Peters RA, Jennions MD. Penis size interacts with body shape and height to influence male attractiveness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. April 2013, 110 (17): 6925–30. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.6925M. PMC 3637716 . PMID 23569234. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219361110 . 

外貌吸引力, 或稱外表吸引力, 體征美, 身體吸引力等, 是一個人的身體特徵, 或外貌, 被認為令人愉悅或美麗, 該術語通常暗示性吸引力等, 但也可以指涉其他方面, 有很多因素會影響一個人對另一個人的吸引力, 身體方面就是其中之一, 這在不同文化的族群中普遍存在, 例如面部對稱性, 英語, facial, symmetry, 社會文化相關屬性和特定個體獨有的個人偏好, 在許多情況下, 人類下意識地將積極的特徵, 如智力和誠實, 與外表有吸引力的人聯繫起來, 在美國和英國的研究發現, 男性的智力和外表吸引力之間的關聯. 外貌吸引力 或稱外表吸引力 體征美 身體吸引力等 是一個人的身體特徵 或外貌 被認為令人愉悅或美麗 該術語通常暗示性吸引力等 但也可以指涉其他方面 有很多因素會影響一個人對另一個人的吸引力 身體方面就是其中之一 這在不同文化的族群中普遍存在 例如面部對稱性 英語 Facial symmetry 1 社會文化相關屬性和特定個體獨有的個人偏好 2 在許多情況下 人類下意識地將積極的特徵 如智力和誠實 與外表有吸引力的人聯繫起來 3 在美國和英國的研究發現 男性的智力和外表吸引力之間的關聯比女性更強 4 演化心理學者試圖回答為什麼身體上更有吸引力的人平均也應該更聰明 並提出了一般智力和身體吸引力都可能是潛在適應度的概念 4 一個人的身體特徵可以發出生育能力和健康狀態的信號 5 6 統計模型研究表明 反映生理健康方面的面部形狀變量 包括身體脂肪和血壓 也會影響觀察者對健康的看法 7 關注這些因素會增加繁殖成功率 進一步提高一個人的基因在人群中的代表性 8 平均而言 異性戀男性往往會被外表年輕且具有對稱面孔 9 豐滿乳房和低腰臀比等特徵的女性所吸引 10 11 平均而言 異性戀女性經常會被身高比自己高的男性所吸引 這些男性表現出高度的面部對稱性 男性化的面部異形 上半身力量 寬肩 相對較窄的腰部和 V 形軀幹 12 13 14 15 参考文献 编辑 Grammer K Thornhill R Human Homo sapiens facial attractiveness and sexual selection the role of symmetry and averageness Journal of Comparative Psychology October 1994 108 3 233 42 4 May 2019 PMID 7924253 doi 10 1037 0735 7036 108 3 233 Zeigler Hill V L M Welling L Shackelford TK Evolutionary Perspectives on Social Psychology United States Springer Science Business Media 2015 329 ISBN 978 3 319 12697 5 why despite broad agreement we see a wide variety of personal preferences Dion K Berscheid E Walster E What is beautiful is good Journal of Personality and Social Psychology December 1972 24 3 285 90 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 521 9955 nbsp PMID 4655540 doi 10 1037 h0033731 4 0 4 1 Kanazawa S Intelligence and physical attractiveness Intelligence 2011 39 1 7 14 doi 10 1016 j intell 2010 11 003 Stephen ID Tan KW Healthy body healthy face Evolutionary approaches to health perception Sheppard E Haque S 编 Culture and Cognition A Collection of Critical Essays Peter Lang International Publishers 2015 Brown WM Price ME Kang J Pound N Zhao Y Yu H Fluctuating asymmetry and preferences for sex typical bodily characteristics Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America September 2008 105 35 12938 43 Bibcode 2008PNAS 10512938B PMC 2529114 nbsp PMID 18711125 doi 10 1073 pnas 0710420105 nbsp Stephen ID Hiew V Coetzee V Tiddeman BP Perrett DI Facial Shape Analysis Identifies Valid Cues to Aspects of Physiological Health in Caucasian Asian and African Populations Frontiers in Psychology 2017 8 1883 PMC 5670498 nbsp PMID 29163270 doi 10 3389 fpsyg 2017 01883 nbsp 英语 Barelds Dijkstra P Barelds DP Positive illusions about one s partner s physical attractiveness Body Image March 2008 5 1 99 108 PMID 18405868 doi 10 1016 j bodyim 2007 07 004 Briscoe J Haven t I seen you somewhere before The Guardian London January 17 2004 July 15 2011 原始内容存档于2022 04 19 Evolutionary psychologists claim there is an underlying standard script for beauty a foundation for what we find appealing that transcends culture and ethnicity There are various absolutes For instance to judge someone beautiful the eye requires symmetry Fisher Maryanne L The Oxford Handbook of Women and Competition Oxford University Press 2017 603 2021 12 20 ISBN 978 0 19 937639 1 原始内容存档于2022 04 19 英语 Nettle D Women s height reproductive success and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in modern humans PDF Proceedings Biological Sciences September 2002 269 1503 1919 23 2021 12 06 PMC 1691114 nbsp PMID 12350254 doi 10 1098 rspb 2002 2111 原始内容存档 PDF 于2008 12 30 Glassenberg AN Feinberg DR Jones BC Little AC Debruine LM Sex dimorphic face shape preference in heterosexual and homosexual men and women Archives of Sexual Behavior December 2010 39 6 1289 96 PMID 19830539 S2CID 25066289 doi 10 1007 s10508 009 9559 6 Perrett DI Lee KJ Penton Voak I Rowland D Yoshikawa S Burt DM Henzi SP Castles DL Akamatsu S Effects of sexual dimorphism on facial attractiveness Nature August 1998 394 6696 884 87 Bibcode 1998Natur 394 884P PMID 9732869 S2CID 204999982 doi 10 1038 29772 Sell A Lukazsweski AW Townsley M Cues of upper body strength account for most of the variance in men s bodily attractiveness Proceedings Biological Sciences December 2017 284 1869 20171819 PMC 5745404 nbsp PMID 29237852 doi 10 1098 rspb 2017 1819 Mautz BS Wong BB Peters RA Jennions MD Penis size interacts with body shape and height to influence male attractiveness Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America April 2013 110 17 6925 30 Bibcode 2013PNAS 110 6925M PMC 3637716 nbsp PMID 23569234 doi 10 1073 pnas 1219361110 nbsp 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 外貌吸引力 amp oldid 78542637, 维基百科,wiki,书籍,书籍,图书馆,

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