城市探险
| 此條目目前正依照其他维基百科上的内容进行翻译。 (2023年7月) |
城市探险，也称为都市探险、都市探索（英語：Urban exploration，缩写UrbEx）等，是指对人造结构的探索，通常是废弃的建筑物，或者是某些未废弃建筑物的隐藏部分。在城市探险中，很多人会进行摄影，有时会伴随着对历史或往事的探索。
城市探险存在各种风险，这也包括法律风险。如果非法活动，可能会被逮捕和惩罚。与城市探索相关的一些活动如违反了当地或地区法律以及某些广泛解释的反恐法律，可能会被视为非法侵入或侵犯隐私。[1][2]
探险地点 编辑
废墟 编辑
废墟可能是最热门的城市探险地点。很多废墟最开始由本地人进入，并且可能有涂鸦或其他形式的破坏公物，而另一些则保存得更好。尽管各国各地的可供探索的地点各不相同，但游乐园、谷物升降机、工厂、发电厂、导弹发射井、防空洞、医院、收容所、监狱、学校、贫民房和疗养院等地区通常会备受瞩目。
在日本，废弃的基础设施通常被称为haikyo（意为“废墟”），和城市探索是同义词。haikyo在日本非常常见，因为它快速的工业化、二战时的破坏、80年代的房地产泡沫以及2011年东日本大地震和海啸。
在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维亚，泽尔贾瓦空军基地（Željava Air Base），一个大型的地下设施，在1992年被废弃。它位于普列塞维察山（Plješevica mountain）下，靠近比哈奇市（Bihać）。 It was the largest underground airport and military air base in the SFR Yugoslavia, and one of the largest in Europe. The complex contains tunnels in total length of 3.5 km (2.2 mi), and the bunker with four entrances protected by 100-ton pressurized doors, three of which were customized for use by fixed-wing aircraft. capable in housing two full fighter squadrons, one reconnaissance squadron, and associated maintenance facilities, including an underground water source, power generators, crew quarters, and other strategic military facilities. It also housed a mess hall that could feed 1,000 people simultaneously, along with spaces for storing food, fuel and arms sufficient to last 30 days. It was designed and built to sustain a direct hit from a 20-kiloton nuclear bomb, equivalent to that dropped on Nagasaki. Nowadays, it's popular for urban exploration, although it is risky due to the possibility of anti-personnel landmines being located in unexplored areas, remnants from 1990's Bosnian War.
Many explorers find the decay of uninhabited space profoundly beautiful, and some are also proficient freelance photographers who document what they see, such as those who document the infrastructure of the former USSR.
Abandoned sites are also popular among historians, preservationists, architects, archaeologists, industrial archaeologists, and ghost hunters.