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米德哈特憲法

十月 21, 2023

《米德哈特宪法》是奥斯曼帝国蘇丹阿卜杜勒-哈米德二世，在米德哈特帕夏主持下，于1876年12月23日颁布的第一部土耳其宪法，确立了君主立宪制政体。虽然存在许多局限性，但它使土耳其走上了立宪之路。[1]

1876年米德哈特宪法封面

參考資料 编辑

  1. ^ . [2019-02-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-05）. 

參考文獻 编辑

  • Strauss, Johann. A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the Kanun-ı Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages. Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (编). . Wurzburg: Orient-Institut Istanbul. 2010: 21–51 [2022-01-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-13）.  (info page on book （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at Martin Luther University)

延伸閲讀 编辑

  • Koçunyan, Aylin. The Transcultural Dimension of the Ottoman Constitution. Firges, Pascal; Tobias Graf; Christian Roth; Gülay Tulasoğlu (编). . Brill. 2014-06-16 [2022-01-22]. ISBN 9789004274686. doi:10.1163/9789004274686_015. （原始内容存档于2022-01-22）. 
  • Korkut, Huseyin. . Epiphany: Journal of Transdisciplinary Studies. 2016, 9 (1): 114–123 [2022-01-22]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-30）.  - author is of Kırklareli University
  • Marcou, Jean. . Égypte/Monde arabe. 2005, 2: 53–73 [2022-01-22]. doi:10.4000/ema.1054  . （原始内容存档于2022-01-22） （法语）.  - Updated online 8 July 2008
Publications of the constitution in print
  • Perso-Arabic Ottoman Turkish: Kanun-i esasi. Constantinople: Matbaa-i amire. 1876.  (Ottoman year: 1292)
  • Latin script Ottoman Turkish: Kili, Suna; A. Şeref Gözübüyük (编). Sened-i İttifaktan Günümüze Türk Anayasa Metinleri 1. Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. 1957: 31–44.  - There are reprints
  • Official French: Constitution ottomane promulguée le 7 Zilhidjé 1294 (11/23 décembre 1876). Typographie et Lithographie centrales. 1876-12-23.  - Julian date 11 December 1876
    • Second print: Constitution ottomane promulguée le 7 Zilhidjé 1294 (11/23 décembre 1876) Rescrit (Hatt) de S.M.I. le Sultan. Constantinople: Loeffler.  - Year may be 1876, but Strauss is uncertain
  • Armeno-Turkish Kanunu esasi memaliki devleti osmaniye. Constantinople: La Turquie. 1876. 
  • Bulgarian: ОТТОМАНСКАТА КОНСТИТУЩЯ, ПРОВЪЗГЛАСЕНА на 7 зилхидже 1293 (11/23 Декемврш 1876) (Otomanskata konstitutsiya, provŭzglasena na 7 zilhidže 1293 (11/23 dekemvrii 1876)). Constantinople: “Hakikat” Press. 1876. 
  • Greek: Оθωμανικόν Σύνταγμα ανακηρυχθέν τη 7 Ζιλχιτζέ 1293 (11/23 δεκεμβρίου 1876) (Othōmanikon Syntagma anakērychthen tē 7 Zilchitze 1293 (11/23 dekemvriou 1876). Constantinople: Typographion “Vyzantidos”. 1876. 
  • Arabic: Tarjamat al-khaṭṭ ash-sharīf as-sulṭānī wa l-Qānūn al-asāsī. Constantinople: Al-Jawāʾib Press.  - Islamic year 1293, circa 1876 Gregorian
  • Armenian: սահմանադրութիւն Օսմանյան պետութիւն (Sahmanadrut‘iwun Ôsmanean Petut‘ean). Istanbul: Masis. 1877. 
  • Judaeo-Spanish: Konstitusyon del Imperio otomano proklamada el 7 zilhidje 1283 (7 Tevet 5637). Constantinople: Estamparia De Castro en Galata. 1877.  - Hebrew calendar 5637

外部連結 编辑

突厥語维基文库中相关的原始文献：
1876年奥斯曼帝国宪法
英語维基文库中相关的原始文献：
1876年奥斯曼帝国宪法
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：米德哈特憲法
  • "1876 KANUN-I ESASİ（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）." Constitutional Court of Turkey（英语：Constitutional Court of Turkey） (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasa Mahkemesi（土耳其語：Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasa Mahkemesi）) - About the constitution
  • Article on the Kanûn-ı Esâsî（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Copies of the constitution
  • Original Ottoman Turkish version （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (basis of translation into languages used by Muslims)- at the website of the Constitutional Court of Turkey（英语：Constitutional Court of Turkey） (Modern Turkish transliteration （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Ankara, 1982) with text version（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)
  • French translation (the basis of translation into non-Muslim languages) published in:
    • Annotated version: Ubicini, Abdolonyme. La constitution ottomane du 7 zilhidjé 1293 (23 décembre 1876) Expliquée et Annotée par A. Ubicini. Paris: A. Cotillon et Co.. 1877.  - PDF file
    • Documents diplomatiques: 1875-1876-1877. Paris: 法國外交部. Imprimerie National. 1877: 272–289.  - PDF document pages 281-298/545
    • Administration de la revue générale. Revue générale treizième année 25. Brussels: Imprimerie E. Guyott. 1877: 319–330.  - In the section "Documents historiques" (February, Chapter 10 which begins on page 319) - PDF document pages 332-343/1073
    • Institut de droit international. Annuaire de l'Institut de droit international. Paris: G. Pedone. 1878: 296–316 [2019-09-15]. （原始内容于2019-07-18）.  - Read online（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Text available（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） - Online on 17 January 2011
  • Non-Muslim languages: Greek（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (PDF file（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）) from the Turkish, published by Voutyras Press, at the Veria Digital Library - From Sismanoglio Megaro of the Consulate Gen. of Greece in Istanbul ; Bulgarian（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
    • Note the Greek is in the 纯正希腊语 style; for a portion in modern Demotic Greek（英语：Demotic Greek） (Δημοτική γλώσσα（希臘語：Δημοτική γλώσσα）) see Έθνη και κράτη στη Νοτιοανατολική Ευρώπη (PDF). : 70–71 [2019-09-15]. （原始内容 (PDF)于2020-02-15）.  - Translated from the Boğaziçi English version by Professor Spyros Marketos, released in 2006
  • English translations:
    • For a scientific English translation directly from the Ottoman Turkish version of the constitution, done by Max Bilal Heidelberger, see: Röder, Tilmann J. The Separation of Powers: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Grote, Rainer; Tilmann J. Röder (编). Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries. Oxford University Press USA. 2012-01-11: 321-372. ISBN 9780199759880.  - Old ISBN 019975988X; "The Basic Law [Kanūn-ı Esāsī] of the Ottoman Empire of December 23, 1876"; p. 341（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）-352（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） - from the copy published in the Düstūr（英语：Düstur） (Ottoman Official Gazette) 1st series (tertïb-i evvel), Volume 4, Pages 4-20.
    • The Ottoman Constitution, Promulgated the 7th Zilbridje, 1293 (11/23 December, 1876). The American Journal of International Law（英语：The American Journal of International Law） (Cambridge University Press). 1908-10-01, 2 (4 (Supplement: Official Documents (Oct., 1908))): 367–387. JSTOR 2212668. doi:10.2307/2212668.  - Translation inclosed in dispatch No. 113 in the MS. Records, 美国国务院, dated December 26, 1876 (PDF version)
    • Translation（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, including the "Tanzimat Fermani -- The Rescript of Gülhane – Gülhane Hatt-i Hümayunu 3 November 1839", at 畢爾肯大學
    • - Translation posted by the Atatürk Institute of Modern Turkish History of 海峡大学, identity of the translator not stated. Alternate link with text of 1908 amendments（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Alternate link of regular version at（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 欧洲大学学院

十月 21, 2023
米德哈特憲法, 此條目目前正依照德語相對應條目上的内容进行翻译, 2018年5月1日, 如果您擅长翻译, 並清楚本條目的領域, 欢迎协助翻譯, 改善或校对本條目, 此外, 长期闲置, 未翻譯或影響閱讀的内容可能会被移除, 米德哈特宪法, 是奥斯曼帝国蘇丹阿卜杜勒, 哈米德二世, 在米德哈特帕夏主持下, 于1876年12月23日颁布的第一部土耳其宪法, 确立了君主立宪制政体, 虽然存在许多局限性, 但它使土耳其走上了立宪之路, 1876年米德哈特宪法封面, 目录, 參考資料, 參考文獻, 延伸閲讀, 外部連結參考資料. 此條目目前正依照德語相對應條目上的内容进行翻译 2018年5月1日 如果您擅长翻译 並清楚本條目的領域 欢迎协助翻譯 改善或校对本條目 此外 长期闲置 未翻譯或影響閱讀的内容可能会被移除 米德哈特宪法 是奥斯曼帝国蘇丹阿卜杜勒 哈米德二世 在米德哈特帕夏主持下 于1876年12月23日颁布的第一部土耳其宪法 确立了君主立宪制政体 虽然存在许多局限性 但它使土耳其走上了立宪之路 1 1876年米德哈特宪法封面 目录 1 參考資料 2 參考文獻 3 延伸閲讀 4 外部連結參考資料 编辑 土耳其颁布第一部宪法 2019 02 05 原始内容存档于2021 01 05 參考文獻 编辑Strauss Johann A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire Translations of the Kanun i Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages Herzog Christoph Malek Sharif 编 The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy Wurzburg Orient Institut Istanbul 2010 21 51 2022 01 22 原始内容存档于2021 03 13 info page on book 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 at Martin Luther University 延伸閲讀 编辑Kocunyan Aylin The Transcultural Dimension of the Ottoman Constitution Firges Pascal Tobias Graf Christian Roth Gulay Tulasoglu 编 Well Connected Domains Towards an Entangled Ottoman History Brill 2014 06 16 2022 01 22 ISBN 9789004274686 doi 10 1163 9789004274686 015 原始内容存档于2022 01 22 Korkut Huseyin CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE OTTOMAN CONSTITUTION 1876 Epiphany Journal of Transdisciplinary Studies 2016 9 1 114 123 2022 01 22 原始内容存档于2018 10 30 author is of Kirklareli University Marcou Jean Turquie la constitutionnalisation inachevee Egypte Monde arabe 2005 2 53 73 2022 01 22 doi 10 4000 ema 1054 nbsp 原始内容存档于2022 01 22 法语 Updated online 8 July 2008Publications of the constitution in printPerso Arabic Ottoman Turkish Kanun i esasi Constantinople Matbaa i amire 1876 Ottoman year 1292 Latin script Ottoman Turkish Kili Suna A Seref Gozubuyuk 编 Sened i Ittifaktan Gunumuze Turk Anayasa Metinleri 1 Ankara Turkiye Is Bankasi Kultur Yayinlari 1957 31 44 There are reprints Official French Constitution ottomane promulguee le 7 Zilhidje 1294 11 23 decembre 1876 Typographie et Lithographie centrales 1876 12 23 Julian date 11 December 1876 Second print Constitution ottomane promulguee le 7 Zilhidje 1294 11 23 decembre 1876 Rescrit Hatt de S M I le Sultan Constantinople Loeffler Year may be 1876 but Strauss is uncertain Armeno Turkish Kanunu esasi memaliki devleti osmaniye Constantinople La Turquie 1876 Bulgarian OTTOMANSKATA KONSTITUShYa PROVZGLASENA na 7 zilhidzhe 1293 11 23 Dekemvrsh 1876 Otomanskata konstitutsiya provŭzglasena na 7 zilhidze 1293 11 23 dekemvrii 1876 Constantinople Hakikat Press 1876 Greek O8wmanikon Syntagma anakhryx8en th 7 Zilxitze 1293 11 23 dekembrioy 1876 Othōmanikon Syntagma anakerychthen te 7 Zilchitze 1293 11 23 dekemvriou 1876 Constantinople Typographion Vyzantidos 1876 Arabic Tarjamat al khaṭṭ ash sharif as sulṭani wa l Qanun al asasi Constantinople Al Jawaʾib Press Islamic year 1293 circa 1876 Gregorian Armenian սահմանադրութիւն Օսմանյան պետութիւն Sahmanadrut iwun Osmanean Petut ean Istanbul Masis 1877 Judaeo Spanish Konstitusyon del Imperio otomano proklamada el 7 zilhidje 1283 7 Tevet 5637 Constantinople Estamparia De Castro en Galata 1877 Hebrew calendar 5637外部連結 编辑突厥語维基文库中相关的原始文献 1876年奥斯曼帝国宪法英語维基文库中相关的原始文献 1876年奥斯曼帝国宪法维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源 米德哈特憲法 1876 KANUN I ESASI 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Constitutional Court of Turkey 英语 Constitutional Court of Turkey Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasa Mahkemesi 土耳其語 Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasa Mahkemesi About the constitution Article on the Kanun i Esasi 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Copies of the constitutionOriginal Ottoman Turkish version 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 basis of translation into languages used by Muslims at the website of the Constitutional Court of Turkey 英语 Constitutional Court of Turkey Modern Turkish transliteration 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Ankara 1982 with text version 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 French translation the basis of translation into non Muslim languages published in Annotated version Ubicini Abdolonyme La constitution ottomane du 7 zilhidje 1293 23 decembre 1876 Expliquee et Annotee par A Ubicini Paris A Cotillon et Co 1877 PDF file Documents diplomatiques 1875 1876 1877 Paris 法國外交部 Imprimerie National 1877 272 289 PDF document pages 281 298 545 Administration de la revue generale Revue generale treizieme annee 25 Brussels Imprimerie E Guyott 1877 319 330 In the section Documents historiques February Chapter 10 which begins on page 319 PDF document pages 332 343 1073 Institut de droit international Annuaire de l Institut de droit international Paris G Pedone 1878 296 316 2019 09 15 原始内容存档于2019 07 18 Read online 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Text available 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Online on 17 January 2011 Non Muslim languages Greek 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 PDF file 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 from the Turkish published by Voutyras Press at the Veria Digital Library From Sismanoglio Megaro of the Consulate Gen of Greece in Istanbul Bulgarian 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Note the Greek is in the 纯正希腊语 style for a portion in modern Demotic Greek 英语 Demotic Greek Dhmotikh glwssa 希臘語 Dhmotikh glwssa see E8nh kai krath sth Notioanatolikh Eyrwph PDF 70 71 2019 09 15 原始内容存档 PDF 于2020 02 15 Translated from the Bogazici English version by Professor Spyros Marketos released in 2006 English translations For a scientific English translation directly from the Ottoman Turkish version of the constitution done by Max Bilal Heidelberger see Roder Tilmann J The Separation of Powers Historical and Comparative Perspectives Grote Rainer Tilmann J Roder 编 Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries Oxford University Press USA 2012 01 11 321 372 ISBN 9780199759880 Old ISBN 019975988X The Basic Law Kanun i Esasi of the Ottoman Empire of December 23 1876 p 341 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 352 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 from the copy published in the Dustur 英语 Dustur Ottoman Official Gazette 1st series tertib i evvel Volume 4 Pages 4 20 The Ottoman Constitution Promulgated the 7th Zilbridje 1293 11 23 December 1876 The American Journal of International Law 英语 The American Journal of International Law Cambridge University Press 1908 10 01 2 4 Supplement Official Documents Oct 1908 367 387 JSTOR 2212668 doi 10 2307 2212668 Translation inclosed in dispatch No 113 in the MS Records 美国国务院 dated December 26 1876 PDF version Translation 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 including the Tanzimat Fermani The Rescript of Gulhane Gulhane Hatt i Humayunu 3 November 1839 at 畢爾肯大學 Full text of the First Ottoman Constitution 1876 Translation posted by the Ataturk Institute of Modern Turkish History of 海峡大学 identity of the translator not stated Alternate link with text of 1908 amendments 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Alternate link of regular version at 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 欧洲大学学院 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 米德哈特憲法 amp oldid 72626605, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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