史蒂芬·阿諾·道格拉斯（英語：Stephen Arnold Douglas，1813年4月23日—1861年6月3日），美国佛蒙特州布蘭登（英语：Brandon, Vermont）人，是一名民主黨籍的政治家。道格拉斯曾任聯邦眾議員與聯邦參議員，也是內布拉斯加法案的設計者，並曾在1860年代表民主黨參選美國總統，但敗於共和黨的亞伯拉罕·林肯。道格拉斯先前在1858年伊利诺伊州参议员选举（英语：1858–59 United States Senate elections）中与林肯的辩论中战胜了他。他曾推动通过了1850年妥协案来防止蓄奴问题导致更大的南北区域分歧。道格拉斯坚持倡导人民主权，认为美国领地蓄奴与否的问题应自行解决、而不受到联邦干涉。该立场同时被蓄奴主义者（英语：proslavery）和廢奴主義者反对。由于其较小的体型和具有影响力的政治地位，道格拉斯常被称为“小巨人”。
道格拉斯在1858年重新胜选参议员巩固了他在民主党党内获取1860年美国总统选举提名的可能。他的支持者主要来自北方和中西部，而如亚历山大·史蒂芬斯的一些亲联邦南方政客也同意他的主张[1]。道格拉斯和时任总统詹姆斯·布坎南不合，而他的弗里波特主义（英语：Freeport Doctrine）主张则让更多南方参议员对其反感。在第36届美国国会（英语：36th United States Congress）中，布坎南联合其南方盟友豁免了道格拉斯的议院领土委员会（英语：United States House Committee on Territories）主席的职位。道格拉斯协助阻止了通过联邦奴隶条款，而后他建立农业赠地大学的法案被布坎南否决[1]。
註釋编辑
^ 1.01.1Morris, Roy, Jr. The long pursuit : Abraham Lincoln's thirty-year struggle with Stephen Douglas for the heart and soul of America First edition. [Washington, D.C.] 2008. ISBN 978-0-06-085209-2. OCLC 154308779. 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link)
參考文獻编辑
Robert W. Johannsen, ed. The Letters of Stephen A. Douglas (1961)
Paul M. Angle, ed., Created Equal? The Complete Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858 (1958)
Clinton, Anita Watkins. "Stephen Arnold Douglas - His Mississippi Experience," Journal of Mississippi History 1988 50(2): 56-88.
Lincoln, Abraham and Douglas, Stephen A. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates: The First Complete, Unexpurgated Text. Harold Holzer, Ed. Harpercollins, 1993.
Harry V. Jaffa and Robert W. Johannsen, eds. In the Name of the People: Speeches and Writings of Lincoln and Douglas in the Ohio Campaign of 1859. (1959) online version（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Douglas, Stephen Arnold. A brief treatise upon constitutional and party questions, and the history of political parties（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, (1861) James Madison Cutts, ed. (1866)
Barbee, David R., and Milledge L. Bonham, Jr. "The Montgomery Address of Stephen A. Douglas," Journal of Southern History, Vol. 5, No. 4 (Nov., 1939), pp. 527–552 in JSTOR（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Bordewich, Fergus M. America's Great Debate: Henry Clay, Stephen A. Douglas, and the Compromise That Preserved the Union (2012) excerpt and text search（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Capers, Gerald M. Stephen A. Douglas: Defender of the Union (1959), short biography
Childers, Christopher. "Interpreting Popular Sovereignty: A Historiographical Essay," Civil War History Volume 57, Number 1, March 2011 pp. 48–70 in Project MUSE
Clinton, Anita Watkins. "Stephen Arnold Douglas - His Mississippi Experience" Journal of Mississippi History 1988 50(2): 56-88.
Dean; Eric T., Jr. "Stephen A. Douglas and Popular Sovereignty" Historian 1995 57(4): 733-748 online version（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Egerton, Douglas R., Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War, Bloomsbury Press, 2010. more on the book（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Eyal, Yonatan. "With His Eyes Open: Stephen A. Douglas and the Kansas-Nebraska Disaster of 1854" Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 1998 91(4): 175-217. ISSN 1522-1067
Glickstein, Jonathan A., American exceptionalism, American anxiety: wages, competition, and degraded labor in the Antebellum United States; University of Virginia Press, (2002)
Hansen, Stephen and Nygard, Paul. "Stephen A. Douglas, the Know-nothings, and the Democratic Party in Illinois, 1854-1858" Illinois Historical Journal 1994 87(2): 109-130.
Huston, James L. "Democracy by Scripture versus Democracy by Process: A Reflection on Stephen A. Douglas and Popular Sovereignty." Civil War History. 43#1 (1997) pp: 189+. online version（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Huston, James L. "Stephen A. Douglas and the Dilemmas of Democratic Equality." Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2007.
Jaffa, Harry V. Crisis of the House Divided: An Interpretation of the Issues in the Lincoln-Douglas Debates. 1959. online version（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Johannsen, Robert W. Stephen A. Douglas (1973), 993pp
Johannsen, Robert W. The Frontier, the Union, and Stephen A. Douglas U. of Illinois Press, 1989.
McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom. Oxford Univ. Press, 1988. Standard modern history of the war.
Milton, George Fort. The Eve of Conflict: Stephen A. Douglas and the Needless War (1934), older scholarly biography
Morris, Roy, Jr., The Long Pursuit: Abraham Lincoln's Thirty-Year Struggle with Stephen Douglas for the Heart and Soul of America, HarperCollins Publishers, 2008.
Morrison, Michael A.Slavery and the American west: the eclipse of manifest destiny and the coming of the American Civil War University of North Carolina Press, (1997)
Nevins, Allan. Ordeal of the Union especially vol 1-4 (1947–63): Fruits of Manifest Destiny, 1847-1852; A House Dividing, 1852-1857; Douglas, Buchanan, and Party Chaos, 1857-1859; Prologue to Civil War, 1859-1861.
Nichols, Roy F. "The Kansas-Nebraska Act: A Century of Historiography", Mississippi Valley Historical Review 43 (1956): 187-212; JSTOR
Peck, Graham A. "Was Stephen A. Douglas Antislavery?," Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association, Summer 2005
Quitt, Martin H. "Stephen A. Douglas and Antebellum Democracy." (2012) New York: Cambridge University Press.
Rhodes, James Ford. History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 (1920) vol 1-2, detailed narrative
Russel, Robert R. "What Was the Compromise of 1850?" Journal of Southern History 20 (1956): 292-309 in JSTOR
Russel, Robert R. "The Issues in the Congressional Struggle Over the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 1854," Journal of Southern History 29 (May 1963): 187-210; in JSTOR
Stevenson, James A. "Lincoln vs. Douglas over the Republican Ideal" American Studies 1994 35(1): 63-89
Zarefsky, David. Lincoln, Douglas, and Slavery: in the Crucible of Public Debate (1990). 309 pp
1. The Democratic Party split in 1860, producing two presidential nominees. Douglas was nominated by Northern Democrats; John C. Breckinridge was nominated by Southern Democrats.
Template:Illinois Secretaries of State Template:USDemPresNominees Template:USSenIL Template:Lincoln–Douglas debates
一月 12, 2024
史蒂芬, 阿諾, 道格拉斯, 英語, stephen, arnold, douglas, 1813年4月23日, 1861年6月3日, 美国佛蒙特州布蘭登, 英语, brandon, vermont, 是一名民主黨籍的政治家, 道格拉斯曾任聯邦眾議員與聯邦參議員, 也是內布拉斯加法案的設計者, 並曾在1860年代表民主黨參選美國總統, 但敗於共和黨的亞伯拉罕, 林肯, 道格拉斯先前在1858年伊利诺伊州参议员选举, 英语, 1858, united, states, senate, elections, 中与林肯的. 史蒂芬 阿諾 道格拉斯 英語 Stephen Arnold Douglas 1813年4月23日 1861年6月3日 美国佛蒙特州布蘭登 英语 Brandon Vermont 人 是一名民主黨籍的政治家 道格拉斯曾任聯邦眾議員與聯邦參議員 也是內布拉斯加法案的設計者 並曾在1860年代表民主黨參選美國總統 但敗於共和黨的亞伯拉罕 林肯 道格拉斯先前在1858年伊利诺伊州参议员选举 英语 1858 59 United States Senate elections 中与林肯的辩论中战胜了他 他曾推动通过了1850年妥协案来防止蓄奴问题导致更大的南北区域分歧 道格拉斯坚持倡导人民主权 认为美国领地蓄奴与否的问题应自行解决 而不受到联邦干涉 该立场同时被蓄奴主义者 英语 proslavery 和廢奴主義者反对 由于其较小的体型和具有影响力的政治地位 道格拉斯常被称为 小巨人 史蒂芬 A 道格拉斯 Stephen A Douglas伊利诺伊州聯邦參議員任期 1847年3月4日 1861年6月3日前任James Semple 英语 James Semple 继任Orville H Browning 英语 Orville H Browning 美国众议院议员来自伊利诺伊州第5选区任期 1843年3月4日 1847年3月3日前任選區新設继任威廉 理察森 英语 William Alexander Richardson 第7任伊利诺伊州州務卿 英语 Illinois Secretary of State 任期 1840年 1841年州长托馬斯 卡林 英语 Thomas Carlin 前任Alexander Pope Field 英语 Alexander Pope Field 继任Lyman Trumbull 英语 Lyman Trumbull 个人资料出生Stephen Arnold Douglas 1813年4月23日美国佛蒙特州布蘭登 英语 Brandon Vermont 逝世1861年6月3日 1861歲 06 03 48歲 美利堅合眾國伊利诺伊州芝加哥政党民主党配偶Martha MartinAdele Cutts签名 目录 1 职业生涯 1 1 1860年总统选举 1 1 1 提名 2 註釋 3 參考文獻 4 延伸閱讀 5 外部連結职业生涯 编辑1860年总统选举 编辑 提名 编辑 道格拉斯在1858年重新胜选参议员巩固了他在民主党党内获取1860年美国总统选举提名的可能 他的支持者主要来自北方和中西部 而如亚历山大 史蒂芬斯的一些亲联邦南方政客也同意他的主张 1 道格拉斯和时任总统詹姆斯 布坎南不合 而他的弗里波特主义 英语 Freeport Doctrine 主张则让更多南方参议员对其反感 在第36届美国国会 英语 36th United States Congress 中 布坎南联合其南方盟友豁免了道格拉斯的议院领土委员会 英语 United States House Committee on Territories 主席的职位 道格拉斯协助阻止了通过联邦奴隶条款 而后他建立农业赠地大学的法案被布坎南否决 1 註釋 编辑 1 0 1 1 Morris Roy Jr The long pursuit Abraham Lincoln s thirty year struggle with Stephen Douglas for the heart and soul of America First edition Washington D C 2008 ISBN 978 0 06 085209 2 OCLC 154308779 引文格式1维护 冗余文本 link 參考文獻 编辑Robert W Johannsen ed The Letters of Stephen A Douglas 1961 Paul M Angle ed Created Equal The Complete Lincoln Douglas Debates of 1858 1958 Clinton Anita Watkins Stephen Arnold Douglas His Mississippi Experience Journal of Mississippi History 1988 50 2 56 88 Lincoln Abraham and Douglas Stephen A The Lincoln Douglas Debates The First Complete Unexpurgated Text Harold Holzer Ed Harpercollins 1993 Harry V Jaffa and Robert W Johannsen eds In the Name of the People Speeches and Writings of Lincoln and Douglas in the Ohio Campaign of 1859 1959 online version 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Douglas Stephen Arnold A brief treatise upon constitutional and party questions and the history of political parties 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 1861 James Madison Cutts ed 1866 nbsp Chisholm Hugh 编 Douglas Stephen Arnold Encyclopaedia Britannica 第11版 London Cambridge University Press 1911 延伸閱讀 编辑Barbee David R and Milledge L Bonham Jr The Montgomery Address of Stephen A Douglas Journal of Southern History Vol 5 No 4 Nov 1939 pp 527 552 in JSTOR 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Bordewich Fergus M America s Great Debate Henry Clay Stephen A Douglas and the Compromise That Preserved the Union 2012 excerpt and text search 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Capers Gerald M Stephen A Douglas Defender of the Union 1959 short biography Childers Christopher Interpreting Popular Sovereignty A Historiographical Essay Civil War History Volume 57 Number 1 March 2011 pp 48 70 in Project MUSE Clinton Anita Watkins Stephen Arnold Douglas His Mississippi Experience Journal of Mississippi History 1988 50 2 56 88 Dean Eric T Jr Stephen A Douglas and Popular Sovereignty Historian 1995 57 4 733 748 online version 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Egerton Douglas R Year of Meteors Stephen Douglas Abraham Lincoln and the Election That Brought on the Civil War Bloomsbury Press 2010 more on the book 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Eyal Yonatan With His Eyes Open Stephen A Douglas and the Kansas Nebraska Disaster of 1854 Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 1998 91 4 175 217 ISSN 1522 1067 Glickstein Jonathan A American exceptionalism American anxiety wages competition and degraded labor in the Antebellum United States University of Virginia Press 2002 Hansen Stephen and Nygard Paul Stephen A Douglas the Know nothings and the Democratic Party in Illinois 1854 1858 Illinois Historical Journal 1994 87 2 109 130 Huston James L Democracy by Scripture versus Democracy by Process A Reflection on Stephen A Douglas and Popular Sovereignty Civil War History 43 1 1997 pp 189 online version 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Huston James L Stephen A Douglas and the Dilemmas of Democratic Equality Rowman amp Littlefield Publishers Inc 2007 Jaffa Harry V Crisis of the House Divided An Interpretation of the Issues in the Lincoln Douglas Debates 1959 online version 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Johannsen Robert W Stephen A Douglas 1973 993pp Johannsen Robert W The Frontier the Union and Stephen A Douglas U of Illinois Press 1989 McPherson James M Battle Cry of Freedom Oxford Univ Press 1988 Standard modern history of the war Milton George Fort The Eve of Conflict Stephen A Douglas and the Needless War 1934 older scholarly biography Morris Roy Jr The Long Pursuit Abraham Lincoln s Thirty Year Struggle with Stephen Douglas for the Heart and Soul of America HarperCollins Publishers 2008 Morrison Michael A Slavery and the American west the eclipse of manifest destiny and the coming of the American Civil War University of North Carolina Press 1997 Nevins Allan Ordeal of the Union especially vol 1 4 1947 63 Fruits of Manifest Destiny 1847 1852 A House Dividing 1852 1857 Douglas Buchanan and Party Chaos 1857 1859 Prologue to Civil War 1859 1861 Nichols Roy F The Kansas Nebraska Act A Century of Historiography Mississippi Valley Historical Review 43 1956 187 212 JSTOR Peck Graham A Was Stephen A Douglas Antislavery Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association Summer 2005 online Quitt Martin H Stephen A Douglas and Antebellum Democracy 2012 New York Cambridge University Press Rhodes James Ford History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 1920 vol 1 2 detailed narrative Russel Robert R What Was the Compromise of 1850 Journal of Southern History 20 1956 292 309 in JSTOR Russel Robert R The Issues in the Congressional Struggle Over the Kansas Nebraska Bill 1854 Journal of Southern History 29 May 1963 187 210 in JSTOR Stevenson James A Lincoln vs Douglas over the Republican Ideal American Studies 1994 35 1 63 89 Zarefsky David Lincoln Douglas and Slavery in the Crucible of Public Debate 1990 309 pp外部連結 编辑维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源 史蒂芬 A 道格拉斯维基语录上的史蒂芬 阿諾 道格拉斯语录史蒂芬 阿諾 道格拉斯 美國國會國家人物傳記大辭典 Project Gutenberg text of Life of Stephen A Douglas 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 by William Gardner Page images of two Speeches made by Douglas one on the Compromise of 1850 Speech made before the NY State Agricultural Society Association dedicated to preservation of Douglas history Site contains many speeches and images 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Douglas Stephen Arnold 新国际百科全书 1905 官衔前任者 Alexander P Field 英语 Alexander P Field 伊利諾州州務卿1840年 1841年 繼任者 Lyman Trumbull 英语 Lyman Trumbull 美利堅合眾國眾議院前任者 before 美國伊利諾州 第5選區 眾議員1843年 1847年 繼任者 William Alexander Richardson 英语 William Alexander Richardson 美利堅合眾國參議院前任者 James Semple 美國伊利諾州 第2選區 參議員1847年3月4日 1861年6月3日 與Sidney Breese James Shields Lyman Trumbull同時在任 繼任者 Orville H Browning政党职务前任者 詹姆斯 布坎南 民主党總統參選人 英语 List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets 1860年 繼任者 George McClellan註解1 The Democratic Party split in 1860 producing two presidential nominees Douglas was nominated by Northern Democrats John C Breckinridge was nominated by Southern Democrats Template Illinois Secretaries of State Template USDemPresNominees Template USSenIL Template Lincoln Douglas debates 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 史蒂芬 阿諾 道格拉斯 amp oldid 79395579, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
