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古哥得兰语

古哥得兰语古哥特兰语[2]是一种北日耳曼语支语言,分布在波罗的海上的哥得兰岛。它与古西诺斯语、古东诺斯语均有较大差异,被认为自成一支。现代哥得兰语仍分布在哥得兰岛的某些部分,但比起古哥得兰语更像现代瑞典语,与法罗岛相邻。

古哥得兰语
区域哥得兰岛
語系
印欧语系
語言代碼
ISO 639-3无(mis
Glottologgutn1238[1]
IETFnon-u-sd-sei
10世纪古诺尔斯语和其它相近语言的分布:
   古西诺尔斯语
   古东诺尔斯语
   古哥特兰语
   克里米亚哥特语
   其它日耳曼语族中和古诺尔斯语有互通性的语言

古诺斯语双元音au(如auga“目”)保留在古哥得兰语和古西诺斯语中,而古东诺斯语中除外围次要方言外,单化为ǿ,也即ø的延长。bain“骨”中的ai也在古哥得兰语中得到保留,而古西诺斯语变为ei,即bein,古东诺斯语变为é,即bén。

原始日耳曼语 古哥得兰语 古西诺斯语 古东诺斯语
*augô(目) auga auga auga>ǿga
bain bein}} bæin>bén
*hauzijaną(听) hoyra heyra høyra>hǿra

古哥得兰语绝大多数语料都发现于13世纪的哥得萨迦。

语例 编辑

原文:

Þissi þieluar hafþi ann sun sum hit hafþi. En hafþa cuna hit huita stierna þaun tu bygþu fyrsti agutlandi fyrstu nat sum þaun saman suafu þa droymdi hennj draumbr. So sum þrir ormar warin slungnir saman j barmj hennar Oc þytti hennj sum þair scriþin yr barmi hennar. þinna draum segþi han firi hasþa bonda sinum hann riaþ dravm þinna so. Alt ir baugum bundit bo land al þitta warþa oc faum þria syni aiga. þaim gaf hann namn allum o fydum. guti al gutland aigha graipr al annar haita Oc gunfiaun þriþi. þair sciptu siþan gutlandi i þria þriþiunga. So at graipr þann elzti laut norþasta þriþiung oc guti miþal þriþiung En gunfiaun þann yngsti laut sunnarsta. siþan af þissum þrim aucaþis fulc j gutlandi so mikit um langan tima at land elptj þaim ai alla fyþa þa lutaþu þair bort af landi huert þriþia þiauþ so at alt sculdu þair aiga oc miþ sir bort hafa sum þair vfan iorþar attu.

标准古哥得兰语转写:

Þissi Þieluar hafþi ann sun sum hit Hafþi. En Hafþa kuna hit Huita Stierna. Þaun tu bygþu fyrsti a Gutlandi. Fyrstu nat sum þaun saman suafu þa droymdi henni draumbr. So sum þrir ormar varin slungnir saman i barmi hennar ok þytti henni sum þair skriþin yr barmi hennar. Þinna draum segþi han firi Hafþa, bonda sinum. Hann riaþ draum þinna so: Alt ir baugum bundit, bo land al þitta varþa ok faum þria syni aiga. Þaim gaf hann namn allum ofydum. Guti al Gutland aiga, Graipr al annar haita ok Gunfiaun þriþi. Þair skiptu siþan Gutlandi i þria þriþiunga so at Graipr þann eldsti laut norþasta þriþiung ok Guti miþal þriþiung en Gunfiaun þann yngsti laut sunnarasta. Siþan af þissum þrim aukaþis fulk i Gutlandi so mikit um langan tima at land elpti þaim ai alla fyþa. Þa lutaþu þair bort af landi huert þriþia þiauþ so at alt skuldu þair aiga ok miþ sir bort hafa sum þair ufan iorþar attu.

应用古诺斯正字法:

Þissi Þjelvar hafði ann sun sum hít Hafði. En Hafða kuna hít Hvítastjerna. Þaun tú byggðu fyrsti á Gutlandi. Fyrstu nátt sum þaun saman sváfu þá droymdi henni draumr; só sum þrír ormar varin slungnir saman í barmi hennar, ok þýtti henni sum þair skriðin ýr barmi hennar. Þinna draum segði han firi Hafða bónda sínum. Hann raið draum þinna só: "Alt ir baugum bundit, bóland al þitta varða uk fáum þría syni aiga." Þaim gaf hann namn, allum ófýddum; Guti, al Gutland aiga; Graipr, al annar haita; ok Gunnfjaun þriði. Þair skiptu síðan Gutlandi í þría þriðjunga, só at Graipr þann eldsti laut norðasta þriðjung, ok Guti miðal þriðjung, en Gunnfjaun þann yngsti laut sunnarsta. Síðan, af þissum þrim aukaðis fulk í Gutlandi sum mikit um langan tíma at land elpti þaim ai alla fýða. Þá lutaðu þair bort af landi hvert þriðja þjauð só at alt skuldu þair aiga ok mið sír bort hafa sum þair ufan jorðar áttu.

译为冰岛语

Son hann Þjálfi átti sem hét Hafði. Og kona Hafða hét Hvítastjarna. þau tvö byggðu fyrst manna á Gotlandi. Fyrstu nótt sem þau þar saman sváfu þá dreymdi hana draum; sá hún þrjá orma vafðir saman í barmi hennar, og þótti henni sem þeir skriða niður barm hennar. Þennan draum sagði hún Hafða bónda sínum. Hann réð draum þann svo: "Allt er baugum bundið og verður allt land þitt búið og munum við þrjá syni eiga." Þeim gaf hann nöfn ófæddum, Goti sem Gotland á að eiga; Greipur sem annar hét; og Gunnfjón sá þriðji. Þeir skiptu síðan Gotlandi í þrjá þriðjunga, þá fékk Greipur sá elsti norður þriðjunginn, og Goti miðju þriðjunginn, en Gunnfjón sá yngsti fékk suður þriðjunginn. Seinna, af þessum þremur jókst eftir langan tíma svo fólk í Gotlandi það mikið að landið gat ekki öllum veitt fæði. Þá létu þeir fara burt af landi þriðja hvern þegn, og allt máttu þau eiga og með sér burt hafa sem ofanjarðar áttu.

译为英语:

This Thielvar had a son called Hafthi. And Hafthi's wife was called Hvitstjarna ("White star"). Those two were the first to settle on Gotland. When they slept on the island for the first night, she dreamed that three snakes lay in her lap, and she thought they were sliding off her lap. She told this to Hafthi. He interpreted her dream and said: "Everything is bound with bangles, this island will be inhabited, and you will bear three sons." Although, they were not yet born, he named them Guti, who would own the island, Graip and Gunfiaun. The sons divided the island into three regions, and Graip, who was the eldest, took the north, Guti the middle, and Gunfjaun, who was the youngest, took the southern third. After a long time, their descendants became so numerous that the island could not support all of them. They drew lots and every third islander had to leave. They could keep everything they owned but the land.

译为汉语:

这个Thielvar有一个儿子叫Hafthi。Hafthi的妻子被称为Hvitstjarna(“白星”)。他们两个是首先在哥特兰定居的人。他们睡在一起的第一晚,她梦见三条蛇躺在她的腿上,她以为它们正从她腿上滑下来。她把这件事告诉了Hafthi。他解读道:“一切都被束缚住了,这个岛将有人居住,我们将有三个儿子。”他将尚未出生的他们命名为Guti,将拥有该岛;还有Graip和Gunfiaun。儿子们三分哥得兰,最年长的Graip占据北部,Guti居中,最小的Gunfiaun占据南部。久而久之,他们的子孙繁多,整座岛都养活不了他们。他们抽签,每三个岛民都必须有一个离开。他们可以保留他们拥有的一切,但土地除外。

参考 编辑

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Archaic Gutnish. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  2. ^ Swedish于《民族语》的链接(第18版,2015年)

古哥得兰语, 此條目已列出參考文獻, 但文內引註不足, 部分內容的來源仍然不明, 2020年2月, 请加上合适的文內引註来改善此条目, 或古哥特兰语, 是一种北日耳曼语支语言, 分布在波罗的海上的哥得兰岛, 它与古西诺斯语, 古东诺斯语均有较大差异, 被认为自成一支, 现代哥得兰语仍分布在哥得兰岛的某些部分, 但比起更像现代瑞典语, 与法罗岛相邻, 区域哥得兰岛語系印欧语系, 日耳曼语族北日耳曼语支东斯堪的纳维亚语群語言代碼iso, 3无, glottologgutn1238, ietfnon, sei10世纪古诺. 此條目已列出參考文獻 但文內引註不足 部分內容的來源仍然不明 2020年2月 请加上合适的文內引註来改善此条目 古哥得兰语或古哥特兰语 2 是一种北日耳曼语支语言 分布在波罗的海上的哥得兰岛 它与古西诺斯语 古东诺斯语均有较大差异 被认为自成一支 现代哥得兰语仍分布在哥得兰岛的某些部分 但比起古哥得兰语更像现代瑞典语 与法罗岛相邻 古哥得兰语区域哥得兰岛語系印欧语系 日耳曼语族北日耳曼语支东斯堪的纳维亚语群古哥得兰语語言代碼ISO 639 3无 mis Glottologgutn1238 1 IETFnon u sd sei10世纪古诺尔斯语和其它相近语言的分布 古西诺尔斯语 古东诺尔斯语 古哥特兰语 克里米亚哥特语 其它日耳曼语族中和古诺尔斯语有互通性的语言古诺斯语双元音au 如auga 目 保留在古哥得兰语和古西诺斯语中 而古东诺斯语中除外围次要方言外 单化为ǿ 也即o的延长 bain 骨 中的ai也在古哥得兰语中得到保留 而古西诺斯语变为ei 即bein 古东诺斯语变为e 即ben 原始日耳曼语 古哥得兰语 古西诺斯语 古东诺斯语 augo 目 auga auga auga gt ǿgabain bein baein gt ben hauzijana 听 hoyra heyra hoyra gt hǿra古哥得兰语绝大多数语料都发现于13世纪的哥得萨迦 语例 编辑原文 THissi thieluar hafthi ann sun sum hit hafthi En haftha cuna hit huita stierna thaun tu bygthu fyrsti agutlandi fyrstu nat sum thaun saman suafu tha droymdi hennj draumbr So sum thrir ormar warin slungnir saman j barmj hennar Oc thytti hennj sum thair scrithin yr barmi hennar thinna draum segthi han firi hastha bonda sinum hann riath dravm thinna so Alt ir baugum bundit bo land al thitta wartha oc faum thria syni aiga thaim gaf hann namn allum o fydum guti al gutland aigha graipr al annar haita Oc gunfiaun thrithi thair sciptu sithan gutlandi i thria thrithiunga So at graipr thann elzti laut northasta thrithiung oc guti mithal thrithiung En gunfiaun thann yngsti laut sunnarsta sithan af thissum thrim aucathis fulc j gutlandi so mikit um langan tima at land elptj thaim ai alla fytha tha lutathu thair bort af landi huert thrithia thiauth so at alt sculdu thair aiga oc mith sir bort hafa sum thair vfan iorthar attu 标准古哥得兰语转写 THissi THieluar hafthi ann sun sum hit Hafthi En Haftha kuna hit Huita Stierna THaun tu bygthu fyrsti a Gutlandi Fyrstu nat sum thaun saman suafu tha droymdi henni draumbr So sum thrir ormar varin slungnir saman i barmi hennar ok thytti henni sum thair skrithin yr barmi hennar THinna draum segthi han firi Haftha bonda sinum Hann riath draum thinna so Alt ir baugum bundit bo land al thitta vartha ok faum thria syni aiga THaim gaf hann namn allum ofydum Guti al Gutland aiga Graipr al annar haita ok Gunfiaun thrithi THair skiptu sithan Gutlandi i thria thrithiunga so at Graipr thann eldsti laut northasta thrithiung ok Guti mithal thrithiung en Gunfiaun thann yngsti laut sunnarasta Sithan af thissum thrim aukathis fulk i Gutlandi so mikit um langan tima at land elpti thaim ai alla fytha THa lutathu thair bort af landi huert thrithia thiauth so at alt skuldu thair aiga ok mith sir bort hafa sum thair ufan iorthar attu 应用古诺斯正字法 THissi THjelvar hafdi ann sun sum hit Hafdi En Hafda kuna hit Hvitastjerna THaun tu byggdu fyrsti a Gutlandi Fyrstu natt sum thaun saman svafu tha droymdi henni draumr so sum thrir ormar varin slungnir saman i barmi hennar ok thytti henni sum thair skridin yr barmi hennar THinna draum segdi han firi Hafda bonda sinum Hann raid draum thinna so Alt ir baugum bundit boland al thitta varda uk faum thria syni aiga THaim gaf hann namn allum ofyddum Guti al Gutland aiga Graipr al annar haita ok Gunnfjaun thridi THair skiptu sidan Gutlandi i thria thridjunga so at Graipr thann eldsti laut nordasta thridjung ok Guti midal thridjung en Gunnfjaun thann yngsti laut sunnarsta Sidan af thissum thrim aukadis fulk i Gutlandi sum mikit um langan tima at land elpti thaim ai alla fyda THa lutadu thair bort af landi hvert thridja thjaud so at alt skuldu thair aiga ok mid sir bort hafa sum thair ufan jordar attu 译为冰岛语 Son hann THjalfi atti sem het Hafdi Og kona Hafda het Hvitastjarna thau tvo byggdu fyrst manna a Gotlandi Fyrstu nott sem thau thar saman svafu tha dreymdi hana draum sa hun thrja orma vafdir saman i barmi hennar og thotti henni sem their skrida nidur barm hennar THennan draum sagdi hun Hafda bonda sinum Hann red draum thann svo Allt er baugum bundid og verdur allt land thitt buid og munum vid thrja syni eiga THeim gaf hann nofn ofaeddum Goti sem Gotland a ad eiga Greipur sem annar het og Gunnfjon sa thridji THeir skiptu sidan Gotlandi i thrja thridjunga tha fekk Greipur sa elsti nordur thridjunginn og Goti midju thridjunginn en Gunnfjon sa yngsti fekk sudur thridjunginn Seinna af thessum thremur jokst eftir langan tima svo folk i Gotlandi thad mikid ad landid gat ekki ollum veitt faedi THa letu their fara burt af landi thridja hvern thegn og allt mattu thau eiga og med ser burt hafa sem ofanjardar attu 译为英语 This Thielvar had a son called Hafthi And Hafthi s wife was called Hvitstjarna White star Those two were the first to settle on Gotland When they slept on the island for the first night she dreamed that three snakes lay in her lap and she thought they were sliding off her lap She told this to Hafthi He interpreted her dream and said Everything is bound with bangles this island will be inhabited and you will bear three sons Although they were not yet born he named them Guti who would own the island Graip and Gunfiaun The sons divided the island into three regions and Graip who was the eldest took the north Guti the middle and Gunfjaun who was the youngest took the southern third After a long time their descendants became so numerous that the island could not support all of them They drew lots and every third islander had to leave They could keep everything they owned but the land 译为汉语 这个Thielvar有一个儿子叫Hafthi Hafthi的妻子被称为Hvitstjarna 白星 他们两个是首先在哥特兰定居的人 他们睡在一起的第一晚 她梦见三条蛇躺在她的腿上 她以为它们正从她腿上滑下来 她把这件事告诉了Hafthi 他解读道 一切都被束缚住了 这个岛将有人居住 我们将有三个儿子 他将尚未出生的他们命名为Guti 将拥有该岛 还有Graip和Gunfiaun 儿子们三分哥得兰 最年长的Graip占据北部 Guti居中 最小的Gunfiaun占据南部 久而久之 他们的子孙繁多 整座岛都养活不了他们 他们抽签 每三个岛民都必须有一个离开 他们可以保留他们拥有的一切 但土地除外 参考 编辑 Hammarstrom Harald Forkel Robert Haspelmath Martin Bank Sebastian 编 Archaic Gutnish Glottolog 2 7 Jena Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History 2016 Swedish于 民族语 的链接 第18版 2015年 国家百科全书 需要完整来源 Christine Peel Guta Saga The History of the Gotlanders Viking Society for Northern Research Text Series Vol XII Viking Society for Northern Research 伦敦大学学院 1999 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 古哥得兰语 amp oldid 69984091, 维基百科,wiki,书籍,书籍,图书馆,

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