對他而言，如果我們是緊緊遵守行為主義的教條，換言之僅觀察行為本身，我們可能沒有辦法區辨這兩個動作哪裡不同。畢竟，他們都不過是眨眼的動作罷了。但關鍵就在這裡，我們之所以能夠知道這兩個動作不一樣，就在於我們掌握了這兩個男孩-行動者-的意圖（intention;或另一個格爾茨喜歡的短語：what they are up to）。其中一個正運用了「擠眉弄眼」這一有特定意義結構支撐的行動在傳遞某些想法、意圖；而另一個僅僅是單純的模仿。
著作
"Religion as a Cultural System". In Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion. Ed. Michael Banton. pp. 1–46. ASA Monographs, 3. London: Tavistock Publications. 1966
The Religion of Java （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (1960), University Of Chicago Press 1976 paperback: ISBN 0-226-28510-3
Peddlers and Princes: Social Development and Economic Change in Two Indonesian Towns （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (1963), University Of Chicago Press 1968 paperback: ISBN 0-226-28514-6
Agricultural Involution: the process of ecological change in Indonesia (1964)
Islam Observed, Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia (1968), University Of Chicago Press 1971 paperback: ISBN 0-226-28511-1
The Interpretation of Cultures (1973), Basic Books 2000 paperback: ISBN 0-465-09719-7
Kinship in Bali (1975) coauthor: Hildred Geertz, University Of Chicago Press 1978 paperback: ISBN 0-226-28516-2
Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth Century Bali （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (1980), Princeton University Press 2001 paperback: ISBN 0-691-00778-0
Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (1983), Basic Books 2000 paperback: ISBN 0-465-04162-0
"Anti-Anti-Relativism" (1984), American Anthropologist, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 263–278.
Works and Lives: The Anthropologist As Author (1988), Stanford University Press 1990 paperback: ISBN 0-8047-1747-8
After the Fact: Two Countries, Four Decades, One Anthropologist （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Harvard University Press 1995 paperback: ISBN 0-674-00872-3
Available Light: Anthropological Reflections on Philosophical Topics （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Princeton University Press 2000 paperback: ISBN 0-691-08956-6
"An inconstant profession: The anthropological life in interesting times" (2002), Annual Review of Anthropology, vol. 31, pp. 1–19 Viewable at hypergeertz.jku.at （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
著作编年
1957 Ritual and Social Change: A Javanese Example. American Anthropologist 59(1):32-54.
1959 Form and Variation in Balinese Village Structure. American Anthropologist 61:991-1012.
1959 The Javanese Village. In Local, Ethnic, and National Loyalties in Village Indonesia. Ed. G. William Skinner. pp. 34–41. New Haven: Southeast Asian Program, Yale University.
1960 Religion of Java. Glencoe: Free Press.
1961 The Rotating Credit Association: A "Middle Rung" in Development. Economic Development and Cultural Change 10:241-263.
1962 Studies in Peasant Life: Community and Society. In Biennial Review of Anthropology 1961. Ed. Bernard J. Siegal. pp. 1–41. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
1962 The Growth of Culture and the Evolution of Mind. In Theories of the Mind. Ed. J. Scher. pp. 713–740. New York: Free Press.
1963 Agricultural Involution: The Process of Agricultural Change in Indonesia. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1963 Peddlers and Princes: Social Change and Economic Modernization in Two Indonesian Towns. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1963 (editor) Old Societies and New States. New York: Free Press.
1963 The Integrative Revolution: Primordial Sentiments and Civil Politics in the New States. In Old Societies and New States. Ed. Clifford Geertz. pp. 105–157. Glencoe: Free Press.
1964 Ideology as a Cultural System. In Ideology and Discontent. Ed. David Apter. pp. 47–76. New York: Free Press.
1965 The Social History of an Indonesian Town. Cambridge: MIT Press.
1965 Modernization in a Muslim Society: The Indonesian Case, 201-211, in Robert O. Tilman (ed), Man, State, and Society in Contemporary South East Asia. London: Pall Mall.
1966 Person, Time, and Conduct in Bali: An Essay in Cultural Analysis. Southeast Asia Program, Cultural Report Series. New Haven: Yale University.
1966 Religion as a Cultural System. In Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion. Ed. Michael Banton. pp. 1–46. ASA Monographs, 3. London: Tavistock Publications.
1966 The Impact of the Concept of Culture on the Concept of Man. In New Views of the Nature of Man. Ed. J. Platt. pp. 93–118. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1967 Politics Past, Politics Preset: Some Notes on the Contribution of Anthropology to the Study of the New States. European Journal of Sociology 8(1):1-14.
1967 The Cerebral Savage: On the Work of Claude Levi-Strauss. Encounter 48(4):25-32.
1967 Tihingan: A Balinese Village. In Villages in Indonesia. Ed. R. N. Koentjaraningrat. pp. 210–243. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
1967 Under the Mosquito Net. New York Review of Books, September 14.
1968 Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 136 pp.
1968 Thinking as a Moral Act: Dimensions of Anthropological Fieldwork in the New States. Antioch Review 28(2):139-158.
1972 Religious Change and Social Order in Soeharto's Indonesia. Asia 27:62-84.
1972 The Wet and the Dry: Traditional Irrigation in Bali and Morocco. Human Ecology 1:34-39.
1972 Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight. Daedalus 101(1 Winter).
1973 The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic.
1973 Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture. In The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. Clifford Geertz. pp 3–30. New York: Basic Books.
1976 From the Native's Point of View. In Meaning in Anthropology. Eds. Keith H. Basso and Henry A. Selby. pp. 221–237. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
1977 Found in Translation: On the Social History of the Moral Imagination. Georgia Review 31(4 Winter):788-810.
1977 Curing, Sorcery, and Magic in a Javanese Town. In Culture, Disease, and Healing: Studies in Medical Anthropology. Ed. David Landy. pp. 146–153. New York: Macmillan Publishing.
1979 [with Hildred Geertz and Lawrence Rosen] Meaning and Order in Moroccan Society: Three Essays in Cultural Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. See his own contribution on "Suq: The Bazaar Economy in Sefrou" (pp. 123–225).
1980 Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1983 Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. New York: Basic Books.
1983 Centers, Kings, and Charisma: Reflections on the Symbolics of Power. In Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. Clifford Geertz. pp. 121–146. New York: Basic Books.
1983 "From the Native's Point of View": On the Nature of Anthropological Knowledge. In Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. Clifford Geertz. pp. 55–70. New York: Basic Books.
1983 Notions of Primitive Thought: Dialogue with Clifford Geertz. In States of Mind. ed & comp Jonathan Miller. pp. 192–210. New York: Pantheon.
1984 Anti-Anti-Relativism. 1983 Distinguished Lecture. American Anthropologist 82:263-278.
1984 Culture and Social Change: The Indonesian Case. Man 19:511-532.
1986 The Uses of Diversity. In Tanner Lectures on Human Values, Vol. 7. Ed. Sterling M. McMurrin. pp. 251–275. Cambridge and Salt Lake City: Cambridge University Press and University of Utah Press.
1988 Works and Lives: The Anthropologist as Author. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
The four studies included in the book are:
"The World in a Text: How to Read Tristes Tropiques" (pp. 25–48).
1989 Margaret Mead, 1901-1978. Biographical Memoirs 58:329-341. National Academy of Sciences.
1990 History and Anthropology. New Literary History 21(2 Winter):321-335.
1991 The Year of Living Culturally. New Republic, October 21, 30-36.
1992 "Local Knowledge" and Its Limits: Some Obiter Dicta. Yale Journal of Criticism 5(2):129-135.
1993 "Ethnic Conflict": Three Alternative Terms. Common Knowledge 2(3 Winter):54-65.
1994 Life on the Edge. [Review of Tsing, In the Realm of the Diamond Queen]. New York Review of Books 41(7 April ):3-4.
1995 After the Fact: Two Countries, Four Decades, One Anthropologist. [The Jerusalem-Harvard Lectures]. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press.
1995 Culture War. [Review essay on Sahlins, How "Natives" Think and Obeyesekere, The Apotheosis of Captain Cook]. New York Review of Books 42(19 November 30):4-6.
2000 Available Light: Anthropological Reflections on Philosophical Topics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
2010 Life Among the Anthros and Other Essays edited by Fred Inglis (Princeton University Press; 272 pages)
For a complete list of all publications by Clifford Geertz see http://hypergeertz.jku.at （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, including a list of translations into Chinese.
克里弗德, 紀爾茲, clifford, geertz, 1926年8月23日, 2006年10月30日, 或譯為克利福德, 格尔茨, 美國文化人类学家, 象徵人類學代表人物, 知名著作有, 文化的詮釋, 劇場國家, 地方知識, 农业的内卷化, 印度尼西亚生态变迁的过程, 出生1926年8月23日, 旧金山, 美国, 逝世2006年10月30日, 80歲, 費城, 就讀學校哈佛大学美國安提亞克大學安蒂奧克學院, 職業人类学家, 大學教員, 社會學家, 配偶hildred, geertz, 獎項huxley, mem. 克里弗德 紀爾茲 Clifford Geertz 1926年8月23日 2006年10月30日 或譯為克利福德 格尔茨 1 美國文化人类学家 象徵人類學代表人物 知名著作有 文化的詮釋 劇場國家 地方知識 农业的内卷化 印度尼西亚生态变迁的过程 等 克里弗德 紀爾茲出生1926年8月23日 旧金山 美国 逝世2006年10月30日 80歲 費城 就讀學校哈佛大学美國安提亞克大學安蒂奧克學院 職業人类学家 大學教員 社會學家 配偶Hildred Geertz 獎項Huxley Memorial Medal 目录 1 生平 2 研究 2 1 文化概念 3 著作 3 1 著作编年 4 参考文献 5 外部链接生平 编辑经Antioch College与哈佛大学 于1956年取得博士学位 之后历任加州大学柏克萊分校 芝加哥大学 普林斯顿高等研究院 研究 编辑主要成就在於對於摩洛哥 印尼包括爪哇 峇里島等地的社會文化作了深入的田野調查研究 並以此為基礎 對文化 知識的性質提出新的看法 在他最重要的著作之一 文化的詮釋 中 他對於文化概念的深入探討和詮釋 包括如深刻寫描等概念 其影響超出人類學 而及於社會學 文化史 文化研究等方面 此外在另一部重要著作 地方知識 中 以實例來深入探討人類學對於個別地區的研究所獲得的種種知識 有其如何的意義 文化概念 编辑 文化的詮釋 的首篇文章 深刻寫描 開宗明義的指出整本書的目的 以及他心目中的人類學研究 他的目的簡單的說是要更加精確的定義 文化 這個概念 他採取的是一符號學的取向 認為文化是人自己織出並居於其中的 意義之網 引用德國社會學家马克斯 韦伯語 而人類學的工作便是要找出這些 意義之網 究竟是什麼 至於人類學家是怎麼做到這一點 他引用英國哲學家吉尔伯特 赖尔著名的短語 深刻寫描 thick description 想像一個男孩正為了向他的同伴暗示些什麼 而不停的擠眉弄眼 另一個男孩走進來 看到這一幕 便開始模仿起來 甚至還帶有點玩笑意味 我們怎麼知道這兩個動作事實上是不一樣的動作 對他而言 如果我們是緊緊遵守行為主義的教條 換言之僅觀察行為本身 我們可能沒有辦法區辨這兩個動作哪裡不同 畢竟 他們都不過是眨眼的動作罷了 但關鍵就在這裡 我們之所以能夠知道這兩個動作不一樣 就在於我們掌握了這兩個男孩 行動者 的意圖 intention 或另一個格爾茨喜歡的短語 what they are up to 其中一個正運用了 擠眉弄眼 這一有特定意義結構支撐的行動在傳遞某些想法 意圖 而另一個僅僅是單純的模仿 著作 编辑 Religion as a Cultural System In Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion Ed Michael Banton pp 1 46 ASA Monographs 3 London Tavistock Publications 1966 The Religion of Java 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 1960 University Of Chicago Press 1976 paperback ISBN 0 226 28510 3 Peddlers and Princes Social Development and Economic Change in Two Indonesian Towns 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 1963 University Of Chicago Press 1968 paperback ISBN 0 226 28514 6 Agricultural Involution the process of ecological change in Indonesia 1964 Islam Observed Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia 1968 University Of Chicago Press 1971 paperback ISBN 0 226 28511 1 The Interpretation of Cultures 1973 Basic Books 2000 paperback ISBN 0 465 09719 7 Kinship in Bali 1975 coauthor Hildred Geertz University Of Chicago Press 1978 paperback ISBN 0 226 28516 2 Negara The Theatre State in Nineteenth Century Bali 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 1980 Princeton University Press 2001 paperback ISBN 0 691 00778 0 Local Knowledge Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 1983 Basic Books 2000 paperback ISBN 0 465 04162 0 Anti Anti Relativism 1984 American Anthropologist vol 86 no 2 pp 263 278 Works and Lives The Anthropologist As Author 1988 Stanford University Press 1990 paperback ISBN 0 8047 1747 8 After the Fact Two Countries Four Decades One Anthropologist 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Harvard University Press 1995 paperback ISBN 0 674 00872 3 Available Light Anthropological Reflections on Philosophical Topics 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Princeton University Press 2000 paperback ISBN 0 691 08956 6 An inconstant profession The anthropological life in interesting times 2002 Annual Review of Anthropology vol 31 pp 1 19 Viewable at hypergeertz jku at 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 著作编年 编辑 1957 Ritual and Social Change A Javanese Example American Anthropologist 59 1 32 54 1959 Form and Variation in Balinese Village Structure American Anthropologist 61 991 1012 1959 The Javanese Village In Local Ethnic and National Loyalties in Village Indonesia Ed G William Skinner pp 34 41 New Haven Southeast Asian Program Yale University 1960 Religion of Java Glencoe Free Press 1961 The Rotating Credit Association A Middle Rung in Development Economic Development and Cultural Change 10 241 263 1962 Studies in Peasant Life Community and Society In Biennial Review of Anthropology 1961 Ed Bernard J Siegal pp 1 41 Stanford Stanford University Press 1962 The Growth of Culture and the Evolution of Mind In Theories of the Mind Ed J Scher pp 713 740 New York Free Press 1963 Agricultural Involution The Process of Agricultural Change in Indonesia Berkeley University of California Press 1963 Peddlers and Princes Social Change and Economic Modernization in Two Indonesian Towns Chicago University of Chicago Press 1963 editor Old Societies and New States New York Free Press 1963 The Integrative Revolution Primordial Sentiments and Civil Politics in the New States In Old Societies and New States Ed Clifford Geertz pp 105 157 Glencoe Free Press 1964 Ideology as a Cultural System In Ideology and Discontent Ed David Apter pp 47 76 New York Free Press 1965 The Social History of an Indonesian Town Cambridge MIT Press 1965 Modernization in a Muslim Society The Indonesian Case 201 211 in Robert O Tilman ed Man State and Society in Contemporary South East Asia London Pall Mall 1966 Person Time and Conduct in Bali An Essay in Cultural Analysis Southeast Asia Program Cultural Report Series New Haven Yale University 1966 Religion as a Cultural System In Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion Ed Michael Banton pp 1 46 ASA Monographs 3 London Tavistock Publications 1966 The Impact of the Concept of Culture on the Concept of Man In New Views of the Nature of Man Ed J Platt pp 93 118 Chicago University of Chicago Press 1967 Politics Past Politics Preset Some Notes on the Contribution of Anthropology to the Study of the New States European Journal of Sociology 8 1 1 14 1967 The Cerebral Savage On the Work of Claude Levi Strauss Encounter 48 4 25 32 1967 Tihingan A Balinese Village In Villages in Indonesia Ed R N Koentjaraningrat pp 210 243 Ithaca and London Cornell University Press 1967 Under the Mosquito Net New York Review of Books September 14 1968 Islam Observed Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia Chicago University of Chicago Press 136 pp 1968 Thinking as a Moral Act Dimensions of Anthropological Fieldwork in the New States Antioch Review 28 2 139 158 1972 Religious Change and Social Order in Soeharto s Indonesia Asia 27 62 84 1972 The Wet and the Dry Traditional Irrigation in Bali and Morocco Human Ecology 1 34 39 1972 Deep Play Notes on the Balinese Cockfight Daedalus 101 1 Winter 1973 The Interpretation of Cultures Selected Essays New York Basic 1973 Thick Description Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture In The Interpretation of Cultures Selected Essays Clifford Geertz pp 3 30 New York Basic Books 1976 From the Native s Point of View In Meaning in Anthropology Eds Keith H Basso and Henry A Selby pp 221 237 Albuquerque University of New Mexico Press 1977 Found in Translation On the Social History of the Moral Imagination Georgia Review 31 4 Winter 788 810 1977 Curing Sorcery and Magic in a Javanese Town In Culture Disease and Healing Studies in Medical Anthropology Ed David Landy pp 146 153 New York Macmillan Publishing 1979 with Hildred Geertz and Lawrence Rosen Meaning and Order in Moroccan Society Three Essays in Cultural Analysis Cambridge Cambridge University Press See his own contribution on Suq The Bazaar Economy in Sefrou pp 123 225 1980 Negara The Theatre State in Nineteenth Century Bali Princeton Princeton University Press 1983 Local Knowledge Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology New York Basic Books 1983 Centers Kings and Charisma Reflections on the Symbolics of Power In Local Knowledge Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology Clifford Geertz pp 121 146 New York Basic Books 1983 From the Native s Point of View On the Nature of Anthropological Knowledge In Local Knowledge Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology Clifford Geertz pp 55 70 New York Basic Books 1983 Notions of Primitive Thought Dialogue with Clifford Geertz In States of Mind ed amp comp Jonathan Miller pp 192 210 New York Pantheon 1984 Anti Anti Relativism 1983 Distinguished Lecture American Anthropologist 82 263 278 1984 Culture and Social Change The Indonesian Case Man 19 511 532 1986 The Uses of Diversity In Tanner Lectures on Human Values Vol 7 Ed Sterling M McMurrin pp 251 275 Cambridge and Salt Lake City Cambridge University Press and University of Utah Press 1988 Works and Lives The Anthropologist as Author Stanford Stanford University Press The four studies included in the book are The World in a Text How to Read Tristes Tropiques pp 25 48 Slide Show Evans Pritchard s African Transparencies pp 49 72 I Witnessing Malinowski s Children pp 73 101 Us not Us Benedict s Travels pp 102 128 1989 Margaret Mead 1901 1978 Biographical Memoirs 58 329 341 National Academy of Sciences 1990 History and Anthropology New Literary History 21 2 Winter 321 335 1991 The Year of Living Culturally New Republic October 21 30 36 1992 Local Knowledge and Its Limits Some Obiter Dicta Yale Journal of Criticism 5 2 129 135 1993 Ethnic Conflict Three Alternative Terms Common Knowledge 2 3 Winter 54 65 1994 Life on the Edge Review of Tsing In the Realm of the Diamond Queen New York Review of Books 41 7 April 3 4 1995 After the Fact Two Countries Four Decades One Anthropologist The Jerusalem Harvard Lectures Cambridge and London Harvard University Press 1995 Culture War Review essay on Sahlins How Natives Think and Obeyesekere The Apotheosis of Captain Cook New York Review of Books 42 19 November 30 4 6 2000 Available Light Anthropological Reflections on Philosophical Topics Princeton Princeton University Press 2010 Life Among the Anthros and Other Essays edited by Fred Inglis Princeton University Press 272 pages For a complete list of all publications by Clifford Geertz see http hypergeertz jku at 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 1 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 including a list of translations into Chinese 参考文献 编辑 世界人名翻译大辞典 中国对外翻译出版公司 1993年 第599 1052页外部链接 编辑HyperGeertz WorldCatalogue 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 克利福德 盖尔茨 Clifford Geertz 所有作品的所有语言的文献记录 克利福德 盖尔茨 Clifford Geertz 的中文作品 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Clifford Geertz接受英國人類學家Alan MacFarlane訪談 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 克里弗德 紀爾茲 amp oldid 73710363, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
