^Padraig Lenihan, Confederate Catholics at War (2001) p112, 'As late as 1650, provisions were cheaper in Ireland than in England; the famine of 1651 onwards was a man made response to stubborn guerrilla warfare. Collective reprisals against the civilian population included forcing them out of designated no man's lands and the systematic destruction of foodstuffs'.
Padraig Lenihan, Confederate Catholics at War, p112
50%:
The History and Social Influence of the Potato, Redcliffe N. Salaman, Edited by JG Hawkes, 9780521316231, Cambridge University Press
How many died during Cromwell’s campaign? （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
83%:
The Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland by John Patrick Prendergast
^. Trinity College Dublin Department of History. [19 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-07）.
行進 09, 2023
克伦威尔征服爱尔兰, cromwellian, conquest, ireland, 或爱尔兰克伦威尔战争, cromwellian, ireland, 1649, 1653年, 是指出三國之戰期间, 以奥利弗, 克伦威尔为首的英格蘭議會军队对爱尔兰的征服, 1641年愛爾蘭起義后, 爱尔兰大部分地区被爱尔兰邦联控制, 1649年初, 邦联与在英國內戰中被圓顱黨击败的骑士党结盟, 1649年8月, 奥利弗, 克伦威尔以英国残缺议会的名義率领他的新模范军入侵爱尔兰, 1652年5月, 克伦威尔的议会军队在爱尔兰打败了. 克伦威尔征服爱尔兰 Cromwellian conquest of Ireland 或爱尔兰克伦威尔战争 Cromwellian war in Ireland 1649 1653年 是指出三國之戰期间 以奥利弗 克伦威尔为首的英格蘭議會军队对爱尔兰的征服 1641年愛爾蘭起義后 爱尔兰大部分地区被爱尔兰邦联控制 1649年初 邦联与在英國內戰中被圓顱黨击败的骑士党结盟 1649年8月 奥利弗 克伦威尔以英国残缺议会的名義率领他的新模范军入侵爱尔兰 1652年5月 克伦威尔的议会军队在爱尔兰打败了邦联和骑士党的联盟 並占领了爱尔兰 然而 游击战又持续了一年 克伦威尔製訂了一系列针对占愛爾蘭人口绝大多数的罗马天主教徒的刑法 没收了罗马天主教徒大量土地 克伦威尔征服爱尔兰导致了愛爾蘭出現饥荒 1 2 3 4 而鼠疫的爆发使得饥荒更為严重 据估计 克伦威尔征服爱尔兰导致爱尔兰人口下降幅度从15 到83 不等 5 克倫威爾的軍隊还帶來了约5万人的契约劳工 6 参考文献 编辑 Prendergast John Patrick The Cromwellian settlement of Ireland P M Haverty 2 January 1868 Inventory of Conflict and Environment ICE Cromwell s Famine mandalaprojects com 2021 01 02 原始内容存档于2019 11 18 Historical Context The Down Survey Project downsurvey tcd ie 2021 01 02 原始内容存档于2019 08 07 Padraig Lenihan Confederate Catholics at War 2001 p112 As late as 1650 provisions were cheaper in Ireland than in England the famine of 1651 onwards was a man made response to stubborn guerrilla warfare Collective reprisals against the civilian population included forcing them out of designated no man s lands and the systematic destruction of foodstuffs 15 25 Padraig Lenihan Confederate Catholics at War p112 50 The History and Social Influence of the Potato Redcliffe N Salaman Edited by JG Hawkes 9780521316231 Cambridge University Press How many died during Cromwell s campaign 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 83 The Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland by John Patrick Prendergast Down Survey Trinity College Dublin Department of History 19 March 2016 原始内容存档于2019 08 07 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 克伦威尔征服爱尔兰 amp oldid 71957724, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，
