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维基百科

芽囊原虫属

四月 11, 2024

芽囊原蟲属（学名：Blastocystis）包含一些单细胞不等鞭毛类的寄生虫，一般在各种动物的胃肠道内生活造成芽囊原蟲感染（blastocystosis），在人类、牲畜、鸟类、鼠类、爬行类、两栖类、蟑螂体内都有分布[2]。此類生物对宿主选择性不高，因此有多个（分类学上的）物种都可感染人类；按现有医学分类习惯，这些物种都可称作人芽囊原虫（Blastocystis hominis）[3]。芽囊原蟲属的分類地位曾多次變化，最初因外型與酵母菌相似、缺乏偽足以及不能移動等特色而被認為是一類酵母菌[4]，後來一度被歸為原生生物（孢子蟲綱，今屬頂複門）[5]，1996年的分子種系發生學研究將其歸為不等鞭毛類的一員[6][7]。

芽囊原虫属
芽囊原蟲 Blastocystis sp.
科学分类
界： 色藻界 Chromista
纲： 芽囊原虫纲 Blastocystae
目： 芽囊原虫目 Blastocystida
科： 芽囊原虫科 Blastocystidae
属： 芽囊原虫属 Blastocystis
(Alexieff 1911) Brumpt 1912[1]

芽囊原蟲可感染人類而導致芽囊原蟲病（英语：Blastocystosis），此類生物感染人类甚多，在美国的感染率高达23%（2000年）。在发展中国家更高，尤其是塞內加爾河谷儿童全数受感染。[8][9][10]此虫过去认为不致病（无症状感染者甚多），但二十一世纪起开始发现其可导致腹泻、疲劳等症状。流行病学观察认为此虫可能引发肠易激综合征。[11]然而目前还缺乏对此虫致病性的决定性证据（健康人士感染后发病）。

此虫在人类中以粪口途径传播，主要是通过进食受粪便污染水、食物感染。[12]离自来水厂够近，含氯充足的自来水不会导致感染。[13]同一个家庭中的成人基本不会互相传播疾病，即使同居多年都还可能各自携带不同的芽囊原蟲。[14]

参考 编辑

  1. ^ Alexeieff A. Sur la nature des formations dites "kystes de Trichomonas intestinalis". CR Soc Biol. 1911, 71: 296–298. 
  2. ^ Yoshikawa H, Wu Z, Howe J, Hashimoto T, Geok-Choo N, Tan KS. Ultrastructural and phylogenetic studies on Blastocystis isolates from cockroaches. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 2007, 54 (1): 33–7. PMID 17300516. S2CID 45995362. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00141.x. 
  3. ^ Noël C, Dufernez F, Gerbod D, et al. Molecular Phylogenies of Blastocystis Isolates from Different Hosts: Implications for Genetic Diversity, Identification of Species, and Zoonosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. January 2005, 43 (1): 348–55. PMC 540115  . PMID 15634993. doi:10.1128/JCM.43.1.348-355.2005 （中文）. 
  4. ^ Brumpt E. Blastocystis hominis n. sp. et formes voisines. Bulletin of the Exotic Pathology Society. 1912, 5: 725–30. 
  5. ^ Pérez-Cordón, Gregorio; Rosales, María J.; Gavira, María del Mar; Valdez, Renzo A.; Vargas, Franklin; Córdova, Ofelia. Finding of Blastocystis sp. in bivalves of the genus Donax. Revista Peruana de Biología. December 2007, 14 (2): 301–302. ISSN 1727-9933. 
  6. ^ Stechmann A, Hamblin K, Pérez-Brocal V, et al. Organelles in Blastocystis that Blur the Distinction between Mitochondria and Hydrogenosomes. Current Biology. April 2008, 18 (8): 580–5. PMC 2428068  . PMID 18403202. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.037. 
  7. ^ Silberman JD, Sogin ML, Leipe DD, Clark CG. Human parasite finds taxonomic home. Nature. 1996, 380 (6573): 398. Bibcode:1996Natur.380..398S. PMID 8602239. S2CID 4356573. doi:10.1038/380398a0  . 
  8. ^ El Safadi D, Gaayeb L, Meloni D, Cian A, Poirier P, Wawrzyniak I, Delbac F, Dabboussi F, Delhaes L, Seck M, Hamze M, Riveau G, Viscogliosi E. Children of Senegal River Basin show the highest prevalence of Blastocystis sp. ever observed worldwide. BMC Infect. Dis. March 2014, 14: 164. PMC 3987649  . PMID 24666632. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-164. 
  9. ^ Roberts T, Stark D, Harkness J, Ellis J. Update on the pathogenic potential and treatment options for Blastocystis sp. Gut Pathog. May 2014, 6: 17. PMC 4039988  . PMID 24883113. doi:10.1186/1757-4749-6-17. Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal protists of humans. ... A recent study showed that 100% of people from low socio-economic villages in Senegal were infected with Blastocystis sp. suggesting that transmission was increased due to poor hygiene sanitation, close contact with domestic animals and livestock, and water supply directly from well and river [10]. ...
    Table 2: Summary of treatments and efficacy for Blastocystis infection     
  10. ^ Amin OM. (PDF). Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2002, 66 (6): 799–803 [3 January 2016]. PMID 12224595. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.799. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于27 May 2020）. Parasitologic investigations of large patient populations are rarely conducted in the United States, where the illusion of freedom from parasitic infections still predominates. Such investigations are considerably more common in third-world countries where endemic parasitoses are more readily documented.1 In an attempt to address this problem we reported the results of routine examination of fecal specimens for parasites from 644 patients in the United States during the summer of 1996. ...
    Prevalence. Nine hundred sixteen (32%) of 2,896 tested patients were infected with 18 species of intestinal parasites in the year 2000 (Table 1) in 48 states and the District of Columbia as follows ... Blastocystis hominis was the most frequently detected parasite in single and multiple infections, with Cryptosporidium parvum and Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar ranking second and third, respectively.     
  11. ^ Boorom KF, Smith H, Nimri L, Viscogliosi E, Spanakos G, Parkar U, Li LH, Zhou XN, Ok UZ, Leelayoova S, Jones MS. Oh my aching gut: irritable bowel syndrome, Blastocystis, and asymptomatic infection. Parasit Vectors. 2008, 1 (1): 40. PMC 2627840  . PMID 18937874. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-1-40. Blastocystis is now by far the most prevalent mono-infection in symptomatic patients in the United States [14] and was found 28.5 times more often than Giardia lamblia as a mono-infection in symptomatic patients in a 2000 study [14].
    Figure 4: Prevalence of IBS and Blastocystosis by country     
  12. ^ Tan, K.S.W. Blastocystis in humans and animals: new insights using modern methodologies. Vet. Parasitol. 1986, 126 (1–2): 121–144. PMID 15567582. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.09.017. 
  13. ^ Basualdo J, Pezzani B, De Luca M, Córdoba A, Apezteguía M. Screening of the municipal water system of La Plata, Argentina, for human intestinal parasites. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2000, 203 (2): 177–82. PMID 11109572. doi:10.1078/S1438-4639(04)70025-5. 
  14. ^ Kaneda Y, Horiki N, Cheng XJ, Fujita Y, Maruyama M, Tachibana H. Ribodemes of Blastocystis hominis isolated in Japan. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2001, 65 (4): 393–6. PMID 11693890. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.393  . 

四月 11, 2024
芽囊原虫属, 芽囊原蟲属, 学名, blastocystis, 包含一些单细胞不等鞭毛类的寄生虫, 一般在各种动物的胃肠道内生活造成芽囊原蟲感染, blastocystosis, 在人类, 牲畜, 鸟类, 鼠类, 爬行类, 两栖类, 蟑螂体内都有分布, 此類生物对宿主选择性不高, 因此有多个, 分类学上的, 物种都可感染人类, 按现有医学分类习惯, 这些物种都可称作人芽囊原虫, blastocystis, hominis, 芽囊原蟲属的分類地位曾多次變化, 最初因外型與酵母菌相似, 缺乏偽足以及不能移動等特色而被認. 芽囊原蟲属 学名 Blastocystis 包含一些单细胞不等鞭毛类的寄生虫 一般在各种动物的胃肠道内生活造成芽囊原蟲感染 blastocystosis 在人类 牲畜 鸟类 鼠类 爬行类 两栖类 蟑螂体内都有分布 2 此類生物对宿主选择性不高 因此有多个 分类学上的 物种都可感染人类 按现有医学分类习惯 这些物种都可称作人芽囊原虫 Blastocystis hominis 3 芽囊原蟲属的分類地位曾多次變化 最初因外型與酵母菌相似 缺乏偽足以及不能移動等特色而被認為是一類酵母菌 4 後來一度被歸為原生生物 孢子蟲綱 今屬頂複門 5 1996年的分子種系發生學研究將其歸為不等鞭毛類的一員 6 7 芽囊原虫属芽囊原蟲 Blastocystis sp 科学分类界 色藻界 Chromista纲 芽囊原虫纲 Blastocystae目 芽囊原虫目 Blastocystida科 芽囊原虫科 Blastocystidae属 芽囊原虫属 Blastocystis Alexieff 1911 Brumpt 1912 1 芽囊原蟲可感染人類而導致芽囊原蟲病 英语 Blastocystosis 此類生物感染人类甚多 在美国的感染率高达23 2000年 在发展中国家更高 尤其是塞內加爾河谷儿童全数受感染 8 9 10 此虫过去认为不致病 无症状感染者甚多 但二十一世纪起开始发现其可导致腹泻 疲劳等症状 流行病学观察认为此虫可能引发肠易激综合征 11 然而目前还缺乏对此虫致病性的决定性证据 健康人士感染后发病 此虫在人类中以粪口途径传播 主要是通过进食受粪便污染水 食物感染 12 离自来水厂够近 含氯充足的自来水不会导致感染 13 同一个家庭中的成人基本不会互相传播疾病 即使同居多年都还可能各自携带不同的芽囊原蟲 14 参考 编辑 Alexeieff A Sur la nature des formations dites kystes de Trichomonas intestinalis CR Soc Biol 1911 71 296 298 Yoshikawa H Wu Z Howe J Hashimoto T Geok Choo N Tan KS Ultrastructural and phylogenetic studies on Blastocystis isolates from cockroaches The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 2007 54 1 33 7 PMID 17300516 S2CID 45995362 doi 10 1111 j 1550 7408 2006 00141 x Noel C Dufernez F Gerbod D et al Molecular Phylogenies of Blastocystis Isolates from Different Hosts Implications for Genetic Diversity Identification of Species and Zoonosis Journal of Clinical Microbiology January 2005 43 1 348 55 PMC 540115 nbsp PMID 15634993 doi 10 1128 JCM 43 1 348 355 2005 中文 Brumpt E Blastocystis hominis n sp et formes voisines Bulletin of the Exotic Pathology Society 1912 5 725 30 Perez Cordon Gregorio Rosales Maria J Gavira Maria del Mar Valdez Renzo A Vargas Franklin Cordova Ofelia Finding of Blastocystis sp in bivalves of the genus Donax Revista Peruana de Biologia December 2007 14 2 301 302 ISSN 1727 9933 Stechmann A Hamblin K Perez Brocal V et al Organelles in Blastocystis that Blur the Distinction between Mitochondria and Hydrogenosomes Current Biology April 2008 18 8 580 5 PMC 2428068 nbsp PMID 18403202 doi 10 1016 j cub 2008 03 037 Silberman JD Sogin ML Leipe DD Clark CG Human parasite finds taxonomic home Nature 1996 380 6573 398 Bibcode 1996Natur 380 398S PMID 8602239 S2CID 4356573 doi 10 1038 380398a0 nbsp El Safadi D Gaayeb L Meloni D Cian A Poirier P Wawrzyniak I Delbac F Dabboussi F Delhaes L Seck M Hamze M Riveau G Viscogliosi E Children of Senegal River Basin show the highest prevalence of Blastocystis sp ever observed worldwide BMC Infect Dis March 2014 14 164 PMC 3987649 nbsp PMID 24666632 doi 10 1186 1471 2334 14 164 Roberts T Stark D Harkness J Ellis J Update on the pathogenic potential and treatment options for Blastocystis sp Gut Pathog May 2014 6 17 PMC 4039988 nbsp PMID 24883113 doi 10 1186 1757 4749 6 17 Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal protists of humans A recent study showed that 100 of people from low socio economic villages in Senegal were infected with Blastocystis sp suggesting that transmission was increased due to poor hygiene sanitation close contact with domestic animals and livestock and water supply directly from well and river 10 Table 2 Summary of treatments and efficacy for Blastocystis infection Amin OM Seasonal prevalence of intestinal parasites in the United States during 2000 PDF Am J Trop Med Hyg 2002 66 6 799 803 3 January 2016 PMID 12224595 doi 10 4269 ajtmh 2002 66 799 原始内容 PDF 存档于27 May 2020 Parasitologic investigations of large patient populations are rarely conducted in the United States where the illusion of freedom from parasitic infections still predominates Such investigations are considerably more common in third world countries where endemic parasitoses are more readily documented 1 In an attempt to address this problem we reported the results of routine examination of fecal specimens for parasites from 644 patients in the United States during the summer of 1996 Prevalence Nine hundred sixteen 32 of 2 896 tested patients were infected with 18 species of intestinal parasites in the year 2000 Table 1 in 48 states and the District of Columbia as follows Blastocystis hominis was the most frequently detected parasite in single and multiple infections with Cryptosporidium parvum and Entamoeba histolytica E dispar ranking second and third respectively Boorom KF Smith H Nimri L Viscogliosi E Spanakos G Parkar U Li LH Zhou XN Ok UZ Leelayoova S Jones MS Oh my aching gut irritable bowel syndrome Blastocystis and asymptomatic infection Parasit Vectors 2008 1 1 40 PMC 2627840 nbsp PMID 18937874 doi 10 1186 1756 3305 1 40 Blastocystis is now by far the most prevalent mono infection in symptomatic patients in the United States 14 and was found 28 5 times more often than Giardia lamblia as a mono infection in symptomatic patients in a 2000 study 14 Figure 4 Prevalence of IBS and Blastocystosis by country Tan K S W Blastocystis in humans and animals new insights using modern methodologies Vet Parasitol 1986 126 1 2 121 144 PMID 15567582 doi 10 1016 j vetpar 2004 09 017 Basualdo J Pezzani B De Luca M Cordoba A Apezteguia M Screening of the municipal water system of La Plata Argentina for human intestinal parasites Int J Hyg Environ Health 2000 203 2 177 82 PMID 11109572 doi 10 1078 S1438 4639 04 70025 5 Kaneda Y Horiki N Cheng XJ Fujita Y Maruyama M Tachibana H Ribodemes of Blastocystis hominis isolated in Japan Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001 65 4 393 6 PMID 11693890 doi 10 4269 ajtmh 2001 65 393 nbsp 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 芽囊原虫属 amp oldid 82080317, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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