维基百科
乔治·华盛顿共济会国家纪念堂
乔治·华盛顿共济会国家纪念堂（英語：George Washington Masonic National Memorial）是一座共济会建筑，位于华盛顿哥伦比亚特区郊区，弗吉尼亚州的亚历山德里亚 (弗吉尼亚州)。纪念第一任美国总统、共济会会员乔治·华盛顿。塔楼模仿古代埃及的亚历山大灯塔[3][4][5]。纪念堂高333-英尺（101-米）[5][6][7]，座落在射手山山顶[8][9]， Callahan Drive 101号.[3] 始建于1922年，[1] 1932年开幕[2]，内部在1970年最终完成[10]。
| 乔治·华盛顿共济会国家纪念堂 | |
|---|---|
| George Washington Masonic National Memorial | |
| 概要 | |
| 類型 | 共濟會神殿[*], National Memorial of the United States[*] |
| 建築風格 | 新古典主义建筑, 羅曼復興式建築, 哥德復興式建築, 新文藝復興建築 |
| 用途 | 紀念建築, 神廟, 博物館 |
| 地點 | 弗吉尼亚州亚历山德里亚 Callahan Drive101号 |
| 地址 | 101 Callahan Drive |
| 坐标 | 38°48′27″N 77°03′58″W / 38.807481°N 77.065981°W |
| 起造日 | 1922年6月5日[1] |
| 竣工日 | 1932 |
| 开放日 | 1932年5月12日[2] |
| 造价 | $600万美元 |
| 所有者 | George Washington Masonic National Memorial Association[*] |
| 高度 | |
| 屋顶 | 333英尺（101米） |
| 技术细节 | |
| 层数 | 9 |
| 电梯数 | 2 |
| 设计与建造 | |
| 建筑师 | Harvey Wiley Corbett of Helmle & Corbett |
| 保护情况 | 美国国家历史名胜, National Register of Historic Places listed place[*] |
| 网站 | |
| http://www.gwmemorial.org/ | |
| 地圖 | |
参考文献 编辑
引用 编辑
- ^ 1.0 1.1 "Start Alexandria Memorial Temple." Washington Post. June 6, 1922.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Shepperson, Charles M. "Masonic Fete Draws 150,000 to Alexandria." Washington Post. May 12, 1932.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Ferris, p. 21.
- ^ Kruh and Kruh, p. 41.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Morris, p. 18.
- ^ Hutton, Margaret. "George Washington Masonic National Memorial." Washington Post. No date. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Accessed 2011-03-21.
- ^ Conroy, Sarah Booth. "Those Revolutionary Masons." Washington Post. February 16, 1992.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Colbert, p. 14.
- ^ Smith, p. 79.
- ^ Seghers, George D. "The George Washington Masonic Memorial Centennial Celebration." Scottish Rite Journal. January-February, 2001.. [2011-09-08]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-13）.
书籍 编辑
- American Art Annual. New York: MacMillan Co., 1933.
- Bahr, Jeff; Taylor, Troy; Coleman, Loren; Scheurman, Mark; and Moran, Mark. Weird Virginia. New York: Sterling Publishing, 2007.
- Boudreau, Allan; Bleimann, Alexander; and Deutsch, David. George Washington in New York. New York: American Lodge of Research, 1987.
- Brown, William Mosely. George Washington, Freemason. Richmond, Va.: Garrett & Massie, 1952.
- Burian, A. Ward. George Washington's Legacy of Leadership. New York: Morgan James Pub., 2007.
- Burstein, Daniel and De Keijzer, Arne J. Secrets of 'The Lost Symbol': The Unauthorized Guide to the Mysteries Behind 'The Da Vinci Code' Sequel. New York: Harper, 2010.
- Caemmerer, H. Paul. Washington, the National Capital. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1932.
- "Callahan, Charles H." In Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography. Lyon Gardiner Tyler, ed. New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co., 1915.
- Clute, Eugene. Drafting Room Practice. New York: The Pencil Points Press, 1928.
- Colbert, Judy. Virginia: Off the Beaten Path. Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot Press, 2009.
- Connelly, Thomas Lawrence. The Marble Man: Robert E. Lee and His Image in American Society. Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, 1981.
- Ferris, Gary W. Presidential Places: A Guide to the Historic Sites of U.S. Presidents. Winston-Salem, N.C.: J.F. Blair, 1999.
- Howlett, D. Roger and Noble, Joseph Veach. The Sculpture of Donald De Lue: Gods, Prophets, and Heroes. Boston, Mass.: D.R. Godine, 1990.
- Kruh, David and Kruh, Louis. Presidential Landmarks. New York, N.Y.: Hippocrene Books, 1992.
- Laughlin, Clara E. So You're Going South! Boston: Little, Brown, 1940.
- Lichtenstein, Gaston. George Washington's Lost Birthday. Richmond, Va.: William Byrd Press, 1924.
- Morris, Shirley. The Pelican Guide to Virginia. Gretna, La.: Pelican Pub. Co., 1990.
- Reynolds, Charles Bingham. The Standard Guide: Washington, A Handbook for Visitors. Washington, D.C.: B.S. Reynolds Co., 1924.
- Rothery, Agnes. New Roads in Old Virginia. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1937.
- Smedes, Susan Dabney. A Southern Planter: Social Life in the Old South. New York: Pott, 1900.
- Smith, James Fairbairn. A Panorama of Masonic History: Sesquicentennial of the Grand Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons of Michigan, 1826-1976. Detroit: Sesquicentennial Commission, Michigan Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, 1976.
- "Smith, William Morgan, M.D." In Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography. Lyon Gardiner Tyler, ed. New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co., 1915.
- Stevens, William Oliver. Washington, the Cinderella City. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1943.
- Stoller, Paul D. The Architecture of Harvey Wiley Corbett. Madison, Wisc.: University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, 1995.
- Tatsch, J. Hugo. The Facts About George Washington as a Freemason. New York: Macoy Publishing and Masonic Supply Co., 1931.
- Turnbull, Everett R. and Denslow, Ray V. A History of Royal Arch Masonry. Trenton, Mo.: General Grand Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, 1956.
- Voges, Nettie Allen. Old Alexandria: Where America's Past Is Present. McLean, Va.: EPM Publications, 1975.
- Walker, J.T. F.L.M., A History of Fredericksburg Lodge No. 4 A. F. & A. M. Fredericksburg, Va.: Sheridan Books, 2002.
- Wasserman, James. The Secrets of Masonic Washington: A Guidebook to Signs, Symbols, and Ceremonies at the Origin of America's Capital. Rochester, Vt.: Destiny Books, 2008.
外部链接 编辑
| 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：乔治·华盛顿共济会国家纪念堂 |