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维基百科

世界轮椅运动会

十二月 13, 2023

世界轮椅运动会（IWAS World Games），全称是世界轮椅及截肢者运动会，也叫做斯托克·曼德维尔（Stoke Mandeville）轮椅运动会，是一个多项目的残疾人运动会。

第一届运动会是由路德維希·古特曼在1948年举办。

比賽 编辑

  • 1948: Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralyzed [1] July 28, 1948, archery competition, 16 competitors[2] (14 men, 2 women[3])
  • 1949–1951: Stoke Mandeville Games
  • 1952:Stoke Mandeville, England – First International Stoke Mandeville Games[4] A Dutch team participated, making it an international event[2]
  • 1953–1959: International Stoke Mandeville Games (2nd–8th)
  • 1960: 9th Annual International Stoke Mandeville Games, Rome, Italy – later known as the 1st Paralympic Games[5]
  • 1961–1963: International Stoke Mandeville Games (10th–12th)
  • 1964: 13th International Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralysed, Tokyo, Japan – later known as the 2nd Paralympic Games[6]
  • 1965–1967: International Stoke Mandeville Games (14th–16th)
  • 1968: 17th International Stoke Mandeville Games, Tel Aviv, Israel [7] – later known as the 3rd Paralympic Games
  • 1969–1972: International Stoke Mandeville Games (18th–20th)
  • 1972: 21st International Stoke Mandeville Games,Heidelberg, Germany – later known as the 4th Paralympic Games[7][8]
  • 1973–1975: International Stoke Mandeville Games
  • 1976: None (5th Paralympic Year)
  • 1977–1979: International Stoke Mandeville Games
  • 1980: None (6th Paralympic Year)
  • 1981–1983: International Stoke Mandeville Games
  • 1984: None (7th Paralympic Year)
  • 1985–1987: International Stoke Mandeville Games
  • 1988: None (8th Paralympic Year)
  • 1989–1991: International Stoke Mandeville Games
  • 1992: None (9th Paralympic Year)
  • 1993–1995: International Stoke Mandeville Games
  • 1996: None (10th Paralympic Year)
  • 1997–2000 – World Wheelchair Games
  • 2000: None (11th Paralympic Year)
  • 2001–2003: World Wheelchair Games[9]
  • 2004: None (12th Paralympic Year)
  • 2005: World Wheelchair and Amputee Games[10] – Rio de Janeiro,   巴西. Over 700 athletes from 44 nations. Five events: track and field, table tennis, archery, shooting, and billiards.[11]
  • 2006 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games, 班加羅爾,   印度
  • 2007: World Wheelchair and Amputee Games [12] 臺北市,   中華臺北
  • 2008: None (13th Paralympic Year)
  • 2009: IWAS World Games – 班加羅爾,   印度,[13][14][15]
  • 2011: IWAS World Games – 夏尔迦,   阿联酋 – 1–10 December 2011[16]
  • 2012: None (14th Paralympic Year)
  • 2013: IWAS World Games, 斯塔茨卡納爾,   荷蘭
  • 2015: IWAS World Games, 索契,   俄羅斯

參考資料 编辑

  1. ^ Paralympics: Where Heroes Come （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by Dr. Robert Steadward and Cynthia Peterson. Edmonton, Alberta: One Shot Holdings Ltd., 1997, melazerte.com, May 30, 2010
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Remembering Paralympics past （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, BBC, July 15, 2008
  3. ^ The Paralympics: It all started with Veterans （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Veteran Affairs Canada
  4. ^ Chronology of Events in the Development of Wheelchair Basketball （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF)
  5. ^ Rome 1960 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
  6. ^ The Thirteenth International Stoke Mandeville Games for The Paralysed （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, dinf.ne.jp, March 17, 1999
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Summer Games Governance 1960 to 1992 Archive.is的存檔，存档日期2012-12-16, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS)
  8. ^ 21st Wheelchair Olympics, by Charles J. Bierbauer, The Pittsburgh Press, August 1, 1972, Google News Archive Search
  9. ^ 2003 World Wheelchair Games / Jeux Mondiaux 2003 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association
  10. ^ 2005 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, cwsa.ca
  11. ^ 21. Sports – Accomplishments Abroad – The First IWAS World Wheelchair and Amputee Games （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, gio.gov.tw
  12. ^ Singapore wins 14 medals at World Wheelchair and Amputee Games 2007 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, sglead.wordpress.com, September 18, 2007
  13. ^ IWAS World Wheelchair & Amputee Games 2009, , International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS). [2017-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2012-09-08）. 
  14. ^ . [2017-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2010-05-07）. 
  15. ^ IWAS World Games 2009 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS), November 24, 2009
  16. ^ IWAS announced today that the bid to host the IWAS World Games （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS), February 8, 2011

十二月 13, 2023
世界轮椅运动会, 此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充, 若您熟悉来源语言和主题, 请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目, 请勿直接提交机械翻译, 也不要翻译不可靠, 低品质内容, 依版权协议, 译文需在编辑摘要注明来源, 或于讨论页顶部标记, href, template, translated, page, html, title, template, translated, page, translated, page, 标签, iwas, world, games, 全称是世界轮椅及截肢者运动会, 也叫做斯托克. 此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充 若您熟悉来源语言和主题 请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目 请勿直接提交机械翻译 也不要翻译不可靠 低品质内容 依版权协议 译文需在编辑摘要注明来源 或于讨论页顶部标记 a href Template Translated page html title Template Translated page Translated page a 标签 世界轮椅运动会 IWAS World Games 全称是世界轮椅及截肢者运动会 也叫做斯托克 曼德维尔 Stoke Mandeville 轮椅运动会 是一个多项目的残疾人运动会 第一届运动会是由路德維希 古特曼在1948年举办 比賽 编辑1948 Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralyzed 1 July 28 1948 archery competition 16 competitors 2 14 men 2 women 3 1949 1951 Stoke Mandeville Games 1952 Stoke Mandeville England First International Stoke Mandeville Games 4 A Dutch team participated making it an international event 2 1953 1959 International Stoke Mandeville Games 2nd 8th 1960 9th Annual International Stoke Mandeville Games Rome Italy later known as the 1st Paralympic Games 5 1961 1963 International Stoke Mandeville Games 10th 12th 1964 13th International Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralysed Tokyo Japan later known as the 2nd Paralympic Games 6 1965 1967 International Stoke Mandeville Games 14th 16th 1968 17th International Stoke Mandeville Games Tel Aviv Israel 7 later known as the 3rd Paralympic Games 1969 1972 International Stoke Mandeville Games 18th 20th 1972 21st International Stoke Mandeville Games Heidelberg Germany later known as the 4th Paralympic Games 7 8 1973 1975 International Stoke Mandeville Games 1976 None 5th Paralympic Year 1977 1979 International Stoke Mandeville Games 1980 None 6th Paralympic Year 1981 1983 International Stoke Mandeville Games 1984 None 7th Paralympic Year 1985 1987 International Stoke Mandeville Games 1988 None 8th Paralympic Year 1989 1991 International Stoke Mandeville Games 1992 None 9th Paralympic Year 1993 1995 International Stoke Mandeville Games 1996 None 10th Paralympic Year 1997 2000 World Wheelchair Games 2000 None 11th Paralympic Year 2001 2003 World Wheelchair Games 9 2004 None 12th Paralympic Year 2005 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games 10 Rio de Janeiro nbsp 巴西 Over 700 athletes from 44 nations Five events track and field table tennis archery shooting and billiards 11 2006 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games 班加羅爾 nbsp 印度 2007 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games 12 臺北市 nbsp 中華臺北 2008 None 13th Paralympic Year 2009 IWAS World Games 班加羅爾 nbsp 印度 13 14 15 2011 IWAS World Games 夏尔迦 nbsp 阿联酋 1 10 December 2011 16 2012 None 14th Paralympic Year 2013 IWAS World Games 斯塔茨卡納爾 nbsp 荷蘭 2015 IWAS World Games 索契 nbsp 俄羅斯參考資料 编辑 Paralympics Where Heroes Come 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 by Dr Robert Steadward and Cynthia Peterson Edmonton Alberta One Shot Holdings Ltd 1997 melazerte com May 30 2010 2 0 2 1 Remembering Paralympics past 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 BBC July 15 2008 The Paralympics It all started with Veterans 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Veteran Affairs Canada Chronology of Events in the Development of Wheelchair Basketball 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 International Wheelchair Basketball Federation IWBF Rome 1960 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 International Paralympic Committee IPC The Thirteenth International Stoke Mandeville Games for The Paralysed 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 dinf ne jp March 17 1999 7 0 7 1 Summer Games Governance 1960 to 1992 Archive is的存檔 存档日期2012 12 16 International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation IWAS 21st Wheelchair Olympics by Charles J Bierbauer The Pittsburgh Press August 1 1972 Google News Archive Search 2003 World Wheelchair Games Jeux Mondiaux 2003 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association 2005 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 cwsa ca 21 Sports Accomplishments Abroad The First IWAS World Wheelchair and Amputee Games 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 gio gov tw Singapore wins 14 medals at World Wheelchair and Amputee Games 2007 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 sglead wordpress com September 18 2007 IWAS World Wheelchair amp Amputee Games 2009 International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation IWAS 2017 07 09 原始内容存档于2012 09 08 The Official Website of IWAS World Games 2009 2017 07 09 原始内容存档于2010 05 07 IWAS World Games 2009 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation IWAS November 24 2009 IWAS announced today that the bid to host the IWAS World Games 页面存档备份 存于互联网档案馆 International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation IWAS February 8 2011 取自 https zh wikipedia org w index php title 世界轮椅运动会 amp oldid 79289027, 维基百科，wiki，书籍，书籍，图书馆，

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